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Hi everybody that are reading this answer. What causes rose spots in Typhoid fever? Caused by ( Bacteria emboli to the skin) mean in the typhoid fever, there rise agglutininethat it is respond to reaction to O antigents (Typhoid fever antigents) that they present in skin. result formation of agglutination in skin cells cause rose spots appearence.
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What are rose spots?
A pinkish rash across the trunk or abdomen that is a classic sign of typhoid fever
What disease causes rose spots?
Rose spots-- Small slightly raised reddish pimples that are a distinguishing feature of typhoid or paratyphoid infection.
What are the symptoms of Typhoid Fever today?
the symptoms of typhoid fever today are:general fever as high as 40 °C (104 °F), Headache body ache fatigueprofuse sweating,gastroenteritis, and nonbloody diarrhea. Less commonly a rash of flat, rose-colored spots may appear.[3]
How does typhoid fever affect your daily life?
While sick with typhoid fever, people suffer from high fevers that can cause delirium. They may develop rose spotted rashes, diarrhea, headaches, and perforations in the intestines. Antibiotics are able to treat the disease and carriers should not work with food to prevent the spreading of typhoid fever.
How should i know that i have typhoid fever?
Early symptoms are generalized and include fever, malaise and abdominal pain. As the disease progresses, the fever becomes higher (greater than 103 degrees Fahrenheit), and diarrhea becomes prominent. Weakness, profound fatigue, delirium, and an acutely ill appearance develop. A rash, characteristic only of typhoid and called "rose spots," appears in some cases of typhoid. Rose spots are small (1/4 inch) red spots that appear most often on the abdomen and chest. Typically, children have milder disease and fewer complications than adults. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001332.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec14/ch173/ch173p.html#sec14-ch173-ch173p-858
What are the clinical manifestation of typhoid fever?
Typhoid fever is an illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. You can get typhoid fever if you eat food or drink beverages that have been handled by a person who is shedding S. Typhi or if sewage contaminated with S. Typhi bacteria gets into the water you use for drinking or washing food.Persons with typhoid fever usually have a sustained fever as high as 103° to 104° F (39° to 40° C). They may also feel weak, or have stomach pains, headache, or loss of appetite. In some cases, patients have a rash of flat, rose-colored spots. The only way to know for sure if an illness is typhoid fever is to have samples of stool or blood tested for the presence of S. Typhi.
What are the effects of Typhoid Fever?
Relative bradycardia (less tachycardia than expected for the degree of fever) may occur in up to 50% of patients but is not a reliable diagnostic indicator. Faintly erythematous maculopapules or rose spots occur on the trunk and may become hemorrhagic. Cervical adenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are often present. Intestinal bleeding may occur from ulceration of mucosa overlying hyperplastic ileal Peyer patches. Altered mental status and seizures may occur. Ocular manifestations are rare and occur in association with systemic illness.These manifestations may include lid abscesses, corneal ulcers, uveitis, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage or detachment, optic neuritis, extraocular muscle palsies, orbital thromboses, and orbital abscesses.
Can typhoid fever cause more than one disease?
yes it can this will tell you how:Typhoid fever is characterized by a sustained fever as high as 40 °C, profuse sweating, gastroenteritis, and nonbloody diarrhea. Less commonly a rash of flat, rose-colored spots may appear. Additional complications is determined by how far into the course of untreated typhoid fever is.Classically, the course of untreated typhoid fever is divided into four individual stages, each lasting approximately one week.In the first week, there is a slowly rising temperature with relative bradycardia, malaise, headache and cough. A bloody nose (epistaxis) is seen in a quarter of cases and abdominal pain is also possible. There is leukopenia, a decrease in the number of circulating white blood cells, with eosinopenia and relative lymphocytosis, a positive diazo reaction and blood cultures are positive for Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi. The classic Widal test is negative in the first week.In the second week of the infection, the patient lies prostrated with high fever in plateau around 40 °C and bradycardia (slowed heart rate), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. Delirium is frequent, frequently calm, but sometimes agitated. This delirium gives to typhoid the nickname of "nervous fever". Rose spots appear on the lower chest and abdomen in around 1/3 patients. There are rhonchi in lung bases. The abdomen is distended and painful in the right lower quadrant where borborygmi can be heard. Diarrhea can occur in this stage: six to eight stools in a day, green with a characteristic smell, comparable to pea-soup. However, constipation is also frequent. The spleen and liver are enlarged (hepatosplenomegaly) and tender and there is elevation of liver transaminases. The Widal reaction is strongly positive with antiO and antiH antibodies. Blood cultures are sometimes still positive at this stage.In the third week of typhoid fever a number of additional complications can occur:* Intestinal hemorrhage due to bleeding in congested Peyer's patches; this can be very serious but is usually non-fatal. * Intestinal perforation in distal ileum: this is a very serious complication and is frequently fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until septicaemia or diffuse peritonitis sets in. * Encephalitis * Metastatic abscesses, cholecystitis, endocarditis and osteitisThe fever is still very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration ensues and the patient is delirious (typhoid state). By the end of third week the fever has started reducing (defervescence). This carries on into the fourth and final week.
What are the symptoms of paratyphoid fever?
From Wikipedia:Signs and symptomsTyphoid fever is characterized by a slowly progressive fever as high as 40 °C (104 °F), profuse sweating, gastroenteritis, and nonbloody diarrhea. Less commonly, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots may appear.[4] Classically, the course of untreated typhoid fever is divided into four individual stages, each lasting approximately one week. In the first week, there is a slowly rising temperature with relative bradycardia, malaise, headache and cough. A bloody nose (epistaxis) is seen in a quarter of cases and abdominal pain is also possible. There is leukopenia, a decrease in the number of circulating white blood cells, with eosinopenia and relative lymphocytosis, a positive diazo reaction and blood cultures are positive for Salmonella typhi or paratyphi. The classic Widal test is negative in the first week.In the second week of the infection, the patient lies prostrate with high fever in plateau around 40 °C (104 °F) and bradycardia (sphygmothermic dissociation), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. Delirium is frequent, frequently calm, but sometimes agitated. This delirium gives to typhoid the nickname of "nervous fever". Rose spots appear on the lower chest and abdomen in around a third of patients. There are rhonchi in lung bases. The abdomen is distended and painful in the right lower quadrant where borborygmi can be heard. Diarrhea can occur in this stage: six to eight stools in a day, green with a characteristic smell, comparable to pea soup. However, constipation is also frequent. The spleen and liver are enlarged (hepatosplenomegaly) and tender, and there is elevation of liver transaminases. The Widal reaction is strongly positive with antiO and antiH antibodies. Blood cultures are sometimes still positive at this stage. (The major symptom of this fever is the fever usually rises in the afternoon up to the first and second week.)In the third week of typhoid fever, a number of complications can occur:Intestinal hemorrhage due to bleeding in congested Peyer's patches; this can be very serious but is usually not fatal.Intestinal perforation in the distal ileum: this is a very serious complication and is frequently fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until septicaemia or diffuse peritonitis sets in.EncephalitisMetastatic abscesses, cholecystitis, endocarditis and osteitisThe fever is still very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration ensues and the patient is delirious (typhoid state). By the end of third week the fever has started reducing (defervescence). This carries on into the fourth and final week.
What kind of disease can affect a rose?
A rose can get affected by many different types of diseases for example black spots/rose mildew and the stem of the rose can be affected by cancker disease
Typhoid fever?
DefinitionTyphoid fever is a bacterial infection characterized by diarrhea, systemic disease, and a rash -- most commonly caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi (S. typhi).Alternative NamesEnteric feverCauses, incidence, and risk factorsThe bacteria that causes typhoid fever -- S. typhi -- spreads through contaminated food, drink, or water. If you eat or drink something that is contaminated, the bacteria enters your body, and goes into your intestines, and then into your bloodstream, where it can travel to your lymph nodes, gallbladder, liver, spleen, and other parts of the body.A few people can become carriers of S. typhi and continue to release the bacteria in their stools for years, spreading the disease.Typhoid fever is common in developing countries, but fewer than 400 cases are reported in the U.S. each year. Most cases in the U.S. are brought in from overseas.SymptomsEarly symptoms include fever, general ill-feeling, and abdominal pain. A high (over 103 degrees) fever and severe diarrhea occur as the disease gets worse.Some people with typhoid fever develop a rash called "rose spots," which are small red spots on the belly and chest.Other symptoms that occur include:Abdominal tendernessAgitationBloody stoolsChillsConfusionDifficulty paying attention (attention deficit)DeliriumFluctuating moodHallucinationsNosebleedsSevere fatigueSlow, sluggish, lethargic feelingWeaknessSigns and testsA complete blood count (CBC) will show a high number of white blood cells.A blood cultureduring first week of the fever can show S. typhibacteriaOther tests that can help diagnose this condition include:Stool cultureELISA urine test to look for the bacteria that causes Typhoid feverPlatelet count(platelet count will be low)Fluorescent antibody study to look for substances specific to Typhoid bacteriaTreatmentFluids and electrolytes may be given through a vein (intravenously). Appropriate antibiotics are given to kill the bacteria. There are increasing rates of antibiotic resistance throughout the world, so your health care provider will check current recommendations before choosing an antibiotic.Expectations (prognosis)Symptoms usually improve in 2 to 4 weeks with treatment. The outcome is likely to be good with early treatment, but becomes poor if complications develop.Symptoms may return if the treatment has not completely cured the infection.ComplicationsIntestinal hemorrhage (severe GI bleeding)Intestinal perforationKidney failurePeritonitisCalling your health care providerCall your health care provider if you have had any known exposure to typhoid fever or if you have been in an endemic area and symptoms of typhoid fever develop. Also call your health care provider if you have had typhoid fever and relapse occurs or if severe abdominal pain, decreased urine output, or other new symptoms develop.PreventionVaccines are recommended for travel outside of the U.S., Canada, northern Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, and during epidemic outbreaks.Immunization is not always completely effective and at-risk travelers should drink only boiled or bottled water and eat well cooked food. Experimentation with an oral live attenuated typhoid vaccine is now underway and appears promising.Adequate water treatment, waste disposal, and protection of food supply from contamination are important public health measures. Carriers of typhoid must not be allowed to work as food handlers.ReferencesBhutta ZA. Typhoid fever. In: Rakel P, Bope ET, eds. Conn's Current Therapy 2008. 60th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 48.Kaye KS, Kaye D. Salmonella infections (including typhoid fever). In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 329.
How does typhoid fever affect the human body?
Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, or commonly just typhoid,[1] is an illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Common worldwide, it is transmitted by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces from an infected person.[2] The bacteria then perforate through the intestinal wall and are phagocytosed by macrophages. Salmonella Typhi then alters its structure to resist destruction and allow them to exist within the macrophage. This renders them resistant to damage by PMN's, complement and the immune response. The organism is then spread via the lymphatics while inside the macrophages. This gives them access to the reticuloendothelial system and then to the different organs throughout the body. The organism is a Gram-negative short bacillus that is motile due to its peritrichous flagella. The bacteria grows best at 37 °C/99 °F - human body temperature. [hide]* 1 Symptoms * 2 Diagnosis * 3 Treatment ** 3.1 Resistance * 4 Prevention * 5 Transmission * 6 Epidemiology * 7 Heterozygous advantage * 8 History ** 8.1 Famous typhoid victims *** 8.1.1 Fictional characters * 9 References ** 9.1 Further reading * 10 External links Incidence of typhoid fever♦ Strongly endemic♦ Endemic♦ Sporadic casesTyphoid fever is characterized by a sustained fever as high as 40 °C (104 °F), profuse sweating, gastroenteritis, and nonbloody diarrhea. Less commonly a rash of flat, rose-colored spots may appear.[3] Classically, the course of untreated typhoid fever is divided into four individual stages, each lasting approximately one week. In the first week, there is a slowly rising temperature with relative bradycardia, malaise, headache and cough. A bloody nose (epistaxis) is seen in a quarter of cases and abdominal pain is also possible. There is leukopenia, a decrease in the number of circulating white blood cells, with eosinopenia and relative lymphocytosis, a positive diazo reaction and blood cultures are positive for Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi. The classic Widal test is negative in the first week. In the second week of the infection, the patient lies prostrated with high fever in plateau around 40 °C (104 °F) and bradycardia (Sphygmo-thermic dissociation), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. Delirium is frequent, frequently calm, but sometimes agitated. This delirium gives to typhoid the nickname of "nervous fever". Rose spots appear on the lower chest and abdomen in around 1/3 patients. There are rhonchi in lung bases. The abdomen is distended and painful in the right lower quadrant where borborygmi can be heard. Diarrhea can occur in this stage: six to eight stools in a day, green with a characteristic smell, comparable to pea-soup. However, constipation is also frequent. The spleen and liver are enlarged (hepatosplenomegaly) and tender and there is elevation of liver transaminases. The Widal reaction is strongly positive with antiO and antiH antibodies. Blood cultures are sometimes still positive at this stage. In the third week of typhoid fever a number of complications can occur: * Intestinal hemorrhage due to bleeding in congested Peyer's patches; this can be very serious but is usually non-fatal. * Intestinal perforation in distal ileum: this is a very serious complication and is frequently fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until septicaemia or diffuse peritonitis sets in. * Encephalitis * Metastatic abscesses, cholecystitis, endocarditis and osteitis The fever is still very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration ensues and the patient is delirious (typhoid state). By the end of third week the fever has started reducing (defervescence). This carries on into the fourth and final week.
