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Esteban or Estebanico or Even Mustapha Zemmouri was known as the first non Indian to cross Texas. He was a slave from Azemmour city on Morocco and was part of an expedition to America in 1528 along with his master Andrès Dorantes and two other explorers, Alonso del Castillo and Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.
After spending 8 year captured at the Karankawa Indians he mastered the language and the group was able to move out to Mexico City.
On the road Esteban heard stories about the Seven Cities of Gold, which were Indian pueblos said to be made of gold.
Interested, Antonio de Mendoza, the ruler of Mexico City decided to capture the rich cities and send a priest named Marcos de Niza as head of the expedition and Esteban, because of his knowledge of the land and Indian language, became his guide.
On March 29, 1539, they arrived at Sonora. Niza sent Esteban ahead to explore, but Esteban was killed by the Zuni Indians when he tried to enter their pueblo.
Source: Dallas Historical Society
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