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Planes form WWI were made mostly of wood and fabric airfoils and fuselages. However the Germans did use steel tubing for fuselages and wood for the airfoils (wings). The Germans did make an all metal monoplane (single wing) the Junkers DI but not in large numbers.
These planes were powered by different types of engines. A Rotary engine spins with the propeller blade for cooling. The engine is round in shape with the cylinders extending from the center cam shaft. In line water cooled engines were also used. Bombers were first used in WWI and they usually had more than one engine using either a rotary to water cooled engine but not both in the same plane.
When one thinks of a WWI airplane the bi-plane comes to mind (2 wings). But WWI saw many types of deviation's from this with mono, bi, tri and quadro-planes being designed tested and placed into service. (1, 2, 3 and 4 wings) The additional wings it was thought would provide better lift and performance. however these planes were mostly put together using a lot of wire rigging in between the wings to strengthen the plane to prevent the wings from ripping off when performing dogfights where severe forces act upon the wings (G Force). These wries caused more wind resistances and actually slowed down the plane from drag.
The planes were covered with a fuel resistant doped fabric for the most part. Although the Germans did use an all wooden design in the Albatros fighter planes, the D series and the Junkers all metal plane the DI.
By the end of the war fighter planes were reaching speeds on 120 mph and altitudes of 25,000 feet.
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See the related link for some great pictures -
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He liked reading about World War II and planes. I hope this helps! : )
