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If you are referring to GROUP NUMBER when you say "Roman numeral above the group", it tells you the number of valence electrons, or the number of outermost electrons, with transition metals being the exception. For group number XII - XVIII the number of valence electrons is the group number minus 10 (minus 10 for the 10 transition groups).

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Q: What does the Roman numeral above the group tell us about the structure of the atom?
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