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Law enforcement in the U.S. Military is very broad. Considering military law, the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), can be exercised by Non-Commissioned Officers (NCO), Chief Warrant Officers (CWO), Commissioned Officers, and designated Civilians.

The UCMJ or military law covers a vast array of offenses and punishments. Punishment is divided into Non-Judicial Punishment (NJP) and Court Martial. An NJP offense could be falling a sleep on post, missing movement, or failing to render proper greeting to a senior military member. A Court Martial offense could be rape, murder, or espionage.

A NJP allows Commanding Officers to administer punishment and discipline to their troops and is not considered a criminal conviction. A Command will appoint an Administrative Investigating Officer who is a NCO, CWO, or Commissioned Officer to investigate (at the Officer 3 level and above) the charges.

A Court Martial is used in the prosecution of more serious crimes, felony or misdemeanor level. Court Martial punishment can be as little as a reduction in rank to imprisonment to the death penalty. Court Martial offenses are investigated by Military Police Investigators (Civilian and Military), Military or Defense Special Agents (Civilian and Military), Military Police Officers (Civilian and Military, as well as an Investigating Officer.

U.S. Military members are subject to the UCMJ when they are on active duty anywhere in the world. Reservist and Retirees may be subject to the UCMJ, depending on their status at the time of the offense.

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