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What initially determines which DNA strand is the template strand and therefore in which direction RNA polymerase ii moves along the DNA?
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∙ 13y ago
the specific sequence of bases along the DNA strands
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∙ 13y ago
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Describe the significance of Okazaki fragments?
Okazaki fragments are created during DNA replication because DNA Polymerase can only add nucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction. This means that one strand (the leading strand) can be continuously created, but the other strand (the lagging strand) runs in the opposite direction. This means that loops must be created and shorter parts of DNA replicated one at a time. This creates fragments on the lagging strand. The RNA primers on this strand are later replaced with DNA by DNA Polymerase I, and joined together with DNA ligase.
Why is a thermostable polymerase used in PCR?
The thermostable polymerase (or Taq polymerase) is a thermostable DNA polymerase (named after the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus from which it was originally isolated by Thomas D. Brock in 1965), is often abbreviated to "Taq Pol" (or simply "Taq"), and is frequently used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Taq polymerase is as an enzyme able to withstand the protein-denaturing conditions (high temperature) required during PCR; Therefore it replaced the DNA polymerase from E. coli originally used in PCR. Taq's optimum temperature for activity is 75-80°C, with a half-life of greater than 2 hours at 92.5°C, 40 minutes at 95°C and 9 minutes at 97.5°C, and can replicate a 1000 base pair strand of DNA in less than 10 seconds at 72°C.
What is the attachment site for RNA polymerase?
according to information from http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/trans.htm " if the RNA polymerase attaches to a special sequence called a promoter, an additional small protein, the factor sigma, will also attach to the polymerase and lock it on the DNA. The factor 'sigma' will only attach itself to the complex DNA / RNA polymerase when the RNA polymerase is attached to a promoter. Another hypothesis is that the factor sigma attaches to RNApol anyway and the enzyme is then able to slide along the DNA until it finds a promoter. It prevents detaching and speeds up promoter location, and decreases the affinity of RNApol for general regions of DNA. " Therefore, the answer seems to be, RNA attaches to DNA through a small protein called the factor sigma once the RNA polymerase attaches itself to a chain sequence called a "promoter". according to information from http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/trans.htm " if the RNA polymerase attaches to a special sequence called a promoter, an additional small protein, the factor sigma, will also attach to the polymerase and lock it on the DNA. The factor 'sigma' will only attach itself to the complex DNA / RNA polymerase when the RNA polymerase is attached to a promoter. Another hypothesis is that the factor sigma attaches to RNApol anyway and the enzyme is then able to slide along the DNA until it finds a promoter. It prevents detaching and speeds up promoter location, and decreases the affinity of RNApol for general regions of DNA. " Therefore, the answer seems to be, RNA attaches to DNA through a small protein called the factor sigma once the RNA polymerase attaches itself to a chain sequence called a "promoter". role of sigmaActually RNA Polymerase can bind to DNA anywhere in the entire genome but sigma factor attaches to polymerase only when it is at promotor. sigma factor dissociates when polymerase crosses promotor. sigma factor stablises the pre initiatiation complex. Actually there are many promoter and many genes but which gene to be transcribed is decided by sigma factor.
Why lagging strand is fragmented?
Think of DNA as a zipper. The left one labelled 5' on the top and 3' on the bottom. The right one labelled 3' on the top and 5' on the bottom. ex. left 5'-------------------------3' right 3'-------------------------5' As you 'unzip' (with helicase), the teeth of the zipper are exposed. The copying mechanism moves along the original strand in a 5' to 3' direction ex left 5'------ .....................\ .......................--------------------3' .......................--------------------5' ....................../ right 3'------ (periods are merely space holders ignore them) On the 'left' strand, the DNA Polymerase attaches to the free 5' end and moves toward the helicase On the 'right' strand, the DNA Polymerase must attach near the helicase (zipper-handle) and move towards the top. It must start several times therefore lagging strands are fragmented.
The work done by gravity during the descent of a projectile motion is?
The answer is positive because the force and direction are the same, therefore work is also positive.
Why is DNA polymerase added last during PCR?
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that finctions best when itis placed in the right ionic environment. All buffers and all other constituents required for the PCR reaction are added first. The buffers ensure the maintainace of the correct ionic environment for the polymerase to function optimally. Therefore, the DNA polymerase is added last AFTER addition of template and primer
Under what circumstances can an object move in a circular path without being accelerated?
It can't. If there is a change in direction, there is a change in velocity ("velocity" includes the direction), and therefore, an acceleration.It can't. If there is a change in direction, there is a change in velocity ("velocity" includes the direction), and therefore, an acceleration.It can't. If there is a change in direction, there is a change in velocity ("velocity" includes the direction), and therefore, an acceleration.It can't. If there is a change in direction, there is a change in velocity ("velocity" includes the direction), and therefore, an acceleration.
Is a polymerase chain reaction something that everyone should be aware of?
Polymerase chain reactions aren't that big of a concern for the average person. Therefore, it is mostly pointless trying to educate normal people about them and would be a wasted effort.
Does momentum have a direction?
Momentum is mass x velocity; velocity has a direction, therefore momentum has a direction.Momentum is mass x velocity; velocity has a direction, therefore momentum has a direction.Momentum is mass x velocity; velocity has a direction, therefore momentum has a direction.Momentum is mass x velocity; velocity has a direction, therefore momentum has a direction.
Who determines who is an accused terrorist and therefore subject to trial by a military?
The President
Why is it important to choose what organizational strategy you will use in your paper before you begin you outline?
it determines how you should write your outlines and therefore, your paper
Velocity is a vector therefore has?
magnitude and direction
What does I like the cut of your Jib mean?
The "jib" is the leading sail on a blow boat (sail boat). It determines your course, therefore is your guide. When someone likes the cut of your "jib" they are telling you that they see a person who is heading in the right direction and that they trust will do the right thing.
Describe the significance of Okazaki fragments?
Okazaki fragments are created during DNA replication because DNA Polymerase can only add nucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction. This means that one strand (the leading strand) can be continuously created, but the other strand (the lagging strand) runs in the opposite direction. This means that loops must be created and shorter parts of DNA replicated one at a time. This creates fragments on the lagging strand. The RNA primers on this strand are later replaced with DNA by DNA Polymerase I, and joined together with DNA ligase.
Why is a thermostable polymerase used in PCR?
The thermostable polymerase (or Taq polymerase) is a thermostable DNA polymerase (named after the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus from which it was originally isolated by Thomas D. Brock in 1965), is often abbreviated to "Taq Pol" (or simply "Taq"), and is frequently used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Taq polymerase is as an enzyme able to withstand the protein-denaturing conditions (high temperature) required during PCR; Therefore it replaced the DNA polymerase from E. coli originally used in PCR. Taq's optimum temperature for activity is 75-80°C, with a half-life of greater than 2 hours at 92.5°C, 40 minutes at 95°C and 9 minutes at 97.5°C, and can replicate a 1000 base pair strand of DNA in less than 10 seconds at 72°C.
Does the phrase direction of zero vector have physical significance?
No. the zero vector has no direction, therefore it has no significance.
Why does friction act in the direction of your motion when you are walking?
Because your feet are pushing backwards and therefore the friction opposes in the opposite direction which happens to be the direction in which you are walking.
