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What is Sticky bit?

Updated: 12/20/2022
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12y ago

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The "Sticky bit" in a unix or Linux filesystem was originally designed to tell the OS to keep the program in cache, even after it loaded, so it would "stick" in memory. Although it made it faster to load the program the next time, it also made it difficult to do maintenance on the program, and it wasted memory if the program fell out of common use. For speedy program accesss, modern filesystem caches do a very good job, so the sticky bit is not often used for this any more.

Instead, the sticky bit, when applied to a directory, means: if a user writes a file to this directory, only let that user change that file. It is very common for the /tmp directory to have the sticky bit set. /tmp is a shared resource that every user can write to, so the sticky bit makes sure that users cannot interfere with each other's temp files.

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What does stick bit for a directory and a executable file signify?

The sticky bit on an executable really isn't used that much anymore, but in earlier Unix systems it meant that the executable file should be loaded from the swap file rather than from the file system. For commonly executed programs this resulted in a much faster loading time for users. Modern Unix systems will still let you set the sticky bit on an executable but it doesn't have the same meaning as it used to, since current day loaders are much better at determining where programs are. The sticky bit on a directory means that only the user may delete a file or directory in that directory. This is usually used in a file system such as /tmp, which is world writable. Without the sticky bit, any user could delete someone else's file. With the sticky bit, they have to be the owner to do that.


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