Linux

NIS (Network Information Service) provides centralized user authentication and authorization for NFS (Network File System) clients, reducing the administrative overhead of managing multiple user accounts across multiple systems. This integration allows users to access NFS resources without having to manage separate user accounts on each NFS server.

The K-shell refers to the innermost electron shell in an atom, which can hold up to 2 electrons. Electrons fill this shell before moving to higher energy shells. The K-shell is the closest shell to the nucleus and has the lowest energy level.

Jellyfish serve important roles in marine ecosystems by providing food for predators, controlling populations of other organisms, and cycling nutrients in the water. They are also used in medical research to study neurobiology and bioluminescence. Additionally, some species of jellyfish are used in the food industry for human consumption.

You can obtain root permissions in Linux by using the "sudo" command before executing a command that requires elevated privileges. This allows you to temporarily act as the root user to perform administrative tasks. Alternatively, you can switch to the root user using the "su" command by entering the root user's password.

Linux is the example of the latest open source operating system.

The fsck command can be used to repair improperly shut down or potentially corrupt partitions on Linux systems. It checks the file system integrity and attempts to repair any inconsistencies it finds.

MicroSoft Windows - Windows 8 : Linux - Ubuntu 14.04 are two examples.

Note: Linux is the name of the kernel, while Ubuntu is a distribution (distro) and is one of many Operating Systems available to Linux users for free.

Windows releases are named by the year they were released up until Windows XP where the enterprise and home-use branches merged, then it was Windows Vista, 7, 8, 8.1, and 10.

Linux distributions, there are many as they are not developed by a single entity, though some may be based on another. Examples include Debian, Ubuntu (based on Debian), Fedora, Arch, Gentoo, and so on.

Partition means the same thing, regardless of operating system. It is a division or demarcation of resources.

The NTFS file system is supported in Linux by both a kernel module and several userspace programs. It is not supported as a root file system and is not recommended for permanent file storage.

Pigeons

You go to minecraft.net after you have purchased the game and download the jar launcher.

Whoa! Of course you can't run linux inside of minecraft. That would be crazy....

However, Minecraft officially supports Linux.

The only way I know to run World Of Warcraft on Linux 12.04 is to either write your own World Of Warcraft with Linux base code or run a VMware (virtual Machine) with either Mac or Window's end user operating systems and run WOW on that.

tail -n 10 abc

Aptitude is the command used in debian based systems to manage (install, query, remove) packages (aka software).

Apache is the world's leading and most commonly deployed web server. The majority of the web sites on the Internet run on an Apache server,

For simplicity's sake, I'll stick to currently supported Linux distros and versions of Windows. None of these are the "optimal" requirements, but rather the "minimum recommended."

133 Mhz Pentium (or compatible) processor

32 MB of RAM

2 GB hard drive with 650 MB free.

VGA video card

Keyboard

CD / DVD-ROM drive

233 Mhz Pentium (or compatible) processor

64 MB of RAM

Hard drive with at least 1.5 GB free

Keyboard & mouse

Video card with SVGA resolution.

CD / DVD-ROM drive

800 Mhz Pentium III (or compatible) processor

512 MB of RAM.

20 GB hard drive

Keyboard & mouse

VESA-compliant video card

DVD drive.

486DX-66 processor

16 MB RAM

50 MB of free space on hard drive (can be run straight from a CD)

Keyboard / mouse

VGA monitor

486 processor

48 MB / 64 MB - command line only *

64 MB - with desktop

1 GB / 5 GB hard drive - without / with desktop

VGA video card (for desktop)

keyboard (mouse needed for desktop)

Installation medium - install can be performed over network, with boot floppies and internet connection, or CD drive

*64 MB is the charted minimum. 48 MB is mentioned in the paragraph explaining that the estimates recommendations are conservative

300 Mhz processor

64 MB of RAM

4 GB free hard drive space

CD / DVD drive

VGA card

keyboard / mouse

A swap partiton because it is a dedicated partition and not a file

Exploration is the best thing! Try it!

It's a commonly used command. It lists the files in the current directory (or another directory if you specify). You can use flags to choose what information you need to see.

No single company manufactures Linux. The Linux kernel is developed by thousands of individuals and hundreds of companies around the globe. Many companies then release Linux with their own selection of programs, in what are called "distros."

An SSH server is a daemon that listens for requests to log in using SSH from remote computers. SSH basically allows you to control a Linux or Unix computer just as if you were sitting at the physical machine.

Mostly depends on the filesystem, but generally it'll be the name of the file, the kind of file it is (Regular, directory, or link.), where the file is found physically, which can be multiple values. File's size, and I believe also file permissions.