The Vatican
The Philippines is not a state in the sense that Arizona is a state of the United States, as a semi-self governing part of a sovereign nation organized as a federation. However, the word "state can also be used to mean a sovereign, self-governing nation. In that sense, the Philippines is a state.
The Philippines is a sovereign nation. One meaning of the word "state" is "sovereign nation." In that sense, the Philippines is a state. The other meaning of the word "state" is as a semi-selfgoverning element of a sovereign nation that is organized as a federation. This is the meaning of the word used when speaking of the State of California in the US or the state of Michoacán in Mexico. The Philippines is NOT a state in that sense.
The nation state is a state that self-identifies as deriving its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign entity for a nation as a sovereign territorial unit.[1] The state is a political and geopolitical entity; the nation is a cultural and/or ethnic entity. The term "nation state" implies that the two geographically coincide, which distinguishes the nation state from the other types of state, which historically preceded it
Nation-state :a sovereign state; citizens or subjects seem relatively homogeneous in language or common descent.
Texas could be defined as a nation, as it is a large group of people that share a common culture, language and possible history. However, Texas is not a state, defined as a sovereign entity, so it is not a nation-state as the term is typically defined. If you defined state instead as a sub-unit of the U.S. then perhaps you could define Texas as a nation-state.
Nation-state :a sovereign state; citizens or subjects seem relatively homogeneous in language or common descent.
Nations are states. You will have to define 'stateless nation'. You may be confused by the fact that the word 'state' is used a little differently in the US than it is used throughout the rest of the world. Every sovereign nation can also be called a sovereign state. In the US, we understandably think of states as being sections of a nation. It gets complicated.
A nation, or a state.
Canada is not a state, it is a Country north of the United States that is a sovereign nation.
Sovereign.
A sovereign state is "a nonphysical juridical entity of the international legal system that is represented by a centralised government that has supreme independent authority over a geographic area." Meaning a sovereign state is a place that has a population and an independent government. America, indeed, has a population and also has an independent government thus it is a sovereign state. It is not the only place in the world with a population and government; in fact more than two hundred other nations have both a population and government, making them also sovereign nations. To answer your question, the USA is not the only sovereign state in the world.
No. Alaska is the largest US state by area, and is not its own sovereign nation. California is the largest state by population, but it too is not its own sovereign nation. However it would be possible FOR California to be its own sovereign nation, because of its massive economy and population (california has the 8th largest economy in the world, about US$1.6 trillion, and the 34th largest population in the world)