The Principle of the Cyclotron
The principle involved in the construction and
operation of the cyclotron follows a very logical
line of thought. Lawrence supported the idea of
hitting the atom with particles of like size matter
moving at great velocities. He assumed that if
atoms could be hit by very minute particles traveling
at a terrific rate the structure of the atom
surely would be disarranged to some extent, just
as a block of wood is shattered by a bullet. These
particles used in the cyclotron are usually heavy
hydrogen ions; that is, hydrogen atoms that have
lost their outer electron and became protons of
hydrogen. The source of these heavy hydrogen
atoms is deuterium oxide, commonly known as
heavy water.
When an atom of an element is hit by one of
these protons, it may do one of several possible
things. First it may accept the proton into its
nucleus (thus changing its mass and atomic
weight), while keeping many of its original properties.
If the binding force in the atom itself is
not great enough to withstand the impact of the
proton, the atom will split into new atoms each
with their own systems of electrons. Often the
bombarded atom refuses either to accept the bombarding
particles into its system or to break up
into new atoms, but merely "boards" the proton
long enough to convert it into energy. Since the
atom has no real need for this extra energy, it
starts to give energy back immediately in much
the same manner as radium. This condition, which
has been created in practically every metal known,
is referred to as artificial radioactivity.
Uses of the Cyclotron
The newest use of the cyclotron is in the production
of artificially radioactive substances.
These substances find unlimited use as "tracers"
in plant processes and human diseases. By injecting
artificially radioactive phosphorus, for example,
into certain bacteria, it is possible to actually
follow the course of the bacilli as they seek
their way into tissues.
Professor Lawrence, aided by his cyclotron, has
made several remarkable discoveries which are
aiding greatly in the understanding of those diseases
such as cancer. He has discovered that different
types of cancer cells assimilate the element
phosphorus at different rates, thus introducing a
new method for the possible identification and
classification of these cells. It has also been found
practical to use artificially radioactive substances
in place of radium for effective treatment of cancer.
These "artificial radiums," produced by bombardment
of certain material, are not only much
less expensive and less difficult to secure, but their
activity can be limited, thus reducing many of the
dangers that often arise from the use of natural
radium. Professor Lawrence has found that
these radioactive materials in many cases are
much better for treatments than radium. The
rays produced by these substances act with much
A cyclotron is an apparatus whereby the subatomic and charged atomic particles are accelerated by an alternating electric field.
I cyclotron my computer
The cyclotron was discovered by one Ernest Lawrence.
Cyclotron pulse multiplied with the maximum radius
The cyclotron bears no resemblance to the human body; there is no reason to compare the two.
to maintain potential difference needed in the accelerating charged particle in the cyclotron 'dees' are most significant.
I cyclotron my computer
A cyclotron operator is responsible for running a cyclotron. The average salary of a cyclotron operator is $64,000 per year.
The cyclotron was discovered by one Ernest Lawrence.
Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory was created in 1949.
Cyclotron - album - was created on 1993-01-25.
Cyclotron pulse multiplied with the maximum radius
The cyclotron bears no resemblance to the human body; there is no reason to compare the two.
to maintain potential difference needed in the accelerating charged particle in the cyclotron 'dees' are most significant.
A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator used in nuclear physics and nuclear medicine. A cyclotron operator is a specialist in the operation and maintenance of such a device. Operators are required to understand the physics of cyclotrons as well as beam physics.
Cyclotron
Ernest Lawrence
The Cyclotron was invented in 1939 by Emest Lawrence, in order to help build the cyclotron. The Cyclotron Open the door to new nuclear technology, as at the time it was used to build the atomic bomb, used on Hiroshima as an effect to the cause of the bombing on pear harbor. Emest Lawrence goal was to create new technology as he was a famous inventor.