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both a hormone and transmitter,secreted by adrenal medulla and the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system to cause vasoconstriction and increases in the heart rate,blood pressure and the sugar level of the blood.
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∙ 14y ago
Wiki User
∙ 10y ago- Norepineephirine is a name for a hormone
- Norepinephrine, also called noradrenaline
- It is the hormone and neurotransmitter most responsible for vigilant concentration in contrast to its most chemically similar hormone, dopamine, which is most responsible for cognitive alertness.
- It is used medically in those with severe hypotension.
Wiki User
∙ 8y agoit is a bone and it function's the leg although people say its in the brain its the main function of the leg below the knee cap.
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∙ 13y agoTo regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
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What does the adrenergic neuron produce?
Norephinephrine
What neurotransmitter does the adrenergic neuron produce?
Norephinephrine
What hormone affects the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins?
Cortisol I got the answer of glucocorticoids from medical terminology.
What is the name of the chemical neurons send to communicate with other neurons?
Neurotransmitters. Some examples: glutamate, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), epinephrine, norephinephrine, acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin
What is released into the bloodstream when one's breathing and heartbeat increases?
When released into bloodstream, epinephrine increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels, dilates air passages and participates in the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic nervous system. Norephinephrine does the same and increases the brain's oxygen supply.
Can you inject adderall 30 mg xr?
You can not become immune to it but your body WILL build up a tolerance As the above answer indicates, "immune" is not the right word for describing this. As stated above, your brain (as opposed to other systems in your body) will develop a tolerance to it. This means, even though you keep taking the same dose, the effectiveness of Adderall will decrease. Describing it as simply as I can, what actually happens is this. Adderall increases the level of two neurotransmitters in the brain--norephinephrine and dopamine. Neurotransmitters are the substances by which neurons communicate. They are released by one neuron and then attach to a receptor on a second neuron. Generally speaking, each neurotransmitter has its own receptor to which other substances will not attach. The tolerance to Adderall is caused because the brain actually keeps creating more dopamine and noepinephrine receptor sites on the second neuron. As more receptor sites are created, more dopamine and norephinephrine is needed to attach to those sites in order to produce the same effect as before.
How a nurse decrease preload of the heart?
Preload (the amount of blood that goes into the heart before it contract), is reduced by VASODILATION-->When you dilate veins, blood tends to pool in the veins, and tends to stay in the veins so it decreases the amount of blood returning to the heart, which decreases PRELOAD. Vasodilation is usually done with Nitroglycerin administration or morphine. But for hypertension the following meds also cause vasodilation, which decreases blood pressure... ACE inhibitors, which act on the angiotensin converting enzyme and prevent it from causes vasoconstriction; Certian calcium channel blockers; Alpha II agonists, which prevent the sympathetic system from releasing epinephrine and norephinephrine (two substances that usually cause vasoconstriction); Alpha I blockers, that act directly on the vessels to cause vasodilation These interventions all require a physicians orders obvioiusly. However the nitroglycerin is a "standing order" in most acute clincial situations, along with aspirin, oxygen therapy, and morphine. (Lippincott. 2008) Sandra Nettina: "The Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice" @ 2008 Lippincott-Raven Publishers
How lethal is a 30 day supply of lamotrigine100mg tamazepam 30mg seroquel xr 300mg focalin xr 10mg Cymbalta 60mg?
Combinatively speaking lamotrigine @100 mg as it is a class A scheduled anticonvulsant and adjunctively a depression suppression medication if you took a 30 day supply at once would cause labored breathing, irregular heart palpitations and potentially leads to comatoseness. Tamazepam @ 30mg as a benzodiazepine medication if combined with lamotrigine will cause cessation of the autonomic functionality immediately. Seroquel XR @300mg is an antipsychotic and taking all other medications interspersingly will yield complete over toxicity levels and immediate respiration and cardiovascular function. Focalin XR@10mg is an NDRI norephinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor which this medication in conjunction with the aforementioned ones will cause extreme fatality levels and/or instantaneous death. Cymbalta @60mg is an SSRI and/or a mood stabilizer, but together would cause absolute cessation of all functionality. However, all of these medications taken interspersingly daily will not cause any medical problems. Hope this helps to enlighten you some.
What is stress and how can it be managed?
Stress is caused by over-thinking, or holding in an emotion of anger or too much work.Here are some ways to relieve stress:take deep breaths in and outtake a deep breath in, count to 10, and then breathe outcrypunch your pillowsilently swear under your breathdraw something you likedraw a picture of what is stressing you out, and scribble on itshred papertake a naptake a nice warm bath/showerlisten to your favorite musictalk to someone- the dog, your friend, sibling, or parentclose your eyes and imagine yourself being in a peaceful placewatch T.V.play a gameread a bookIgnore your stress, and don't let it get to you :)
What are the withdrawl symptoms for Paxil?
The withdrawal symptoms of Effexor XR include restlessness, irritability, weight gain, and tremors. Dose reduction is recommended to reduce possible side effects. Discontinuing use suddenly is not recommended.
How do you control an upset stomach from Strattera?
Remember that milk contains TONS and TONS of sugar. I would not advise feeding sugar to a child with ADHD or ADD. My best advise is to take the Strattera after the first bite of a meal, definitely before the meal is finished, and with lots of water. I eat two fried eggs, a bowl of yogurt with organic flax seed sugar free multi-grain cereal, and a a cup of fresh blueberries for breakfast. I take my Strattera at the beginning and seldom have problems. Before being so careful about my diet I had vomitted several times as well as experienced some of the worst nausea of my life several times a week. Luckily the nausea seldom lasts more than 10 minutes but it is horrifying. I still take Strattera because of the benefits but an organic diet rich in whole grains with plenty of fresh fish and fruits and vegetables definitely helps my symptoms as well. Also eating every 3 hours has been a miracle for helping my ADD. If your kids cannot eat a snack every three hours there is a major problem with their school and medication should not be tried until they are eating properly. Every kid is different though and I am not a doctor, these are just my own experiences. All in all a quarter-pounder with cheese and a large ice water is the best thing to help the sickness but I really can't recommend that to anyone. Once again from my childhood experiences I cannot stress the importance of eating at the right times and eating the right diet. Here is more information: * Our son complained of an upset stomach when he took Straterra in the morning. We switched to taking it in the evening right before bedtime with half a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. The doctor recommended taking it with peanut butter because he felt the oil in the peanut butter somehow neutralizes some of the gastro-intestinal effects of the Straterra. My son doesn't complain of an upset stomach anymore and he is able to sleep just fine. == == * I come unpleasantly close to vomiting if I take Strattera in the morning with little or no food. If I take it after a reasonably-sized breakfast, I'm fine. == == * My daughter has been on 18mg for about 7 months. This is the first time that it has started to affect her. She takes her pill with her supper. She has just now started to complain about her stomach hurting. Take with a big meal as this will usually help. I do not know which foods assist in absorption the best though. Most important though: WATCH HER DIET! Dairy, esp. cow's milk, affects the usage of Straterra! Check out ADD and diet online. I have read that Omega-3 Fatty Acids are very important. These are found in flax seed & olive oil. You may have heard that fish is "brain food." Omega-3s are why they are. == == * I take Stratera and originally I awoke during the night with searing stomach pain. I have found that drinking thick shake type drinks such as Slimfast immediately calms my stomach. == == * I have two children taking Straterra, one is 13 and one is 17. My son (13) has been on it for about 6-8 months and has had mild stomach pain to vomiting, but generally has been better lately. Our biggest problem is that he still doesn't have much of an appetite until late in the afternoon or supper time. My daughter just started on Straterra, and has been so happy with how she feels (after 4-5 years of not trying anything -- allergic to Ritalin, Adderall gave her migraines), however, she was very nauseated, and when the dose increased she vomited all morning. She researched this problem, and started eating PBJ every morning for breakfast, and has felt great. We also started giving my son PBJ for breakfast and now he is eating lunch better also. I don't know why, but it seems to be doing the trick. == == * I take Prevacid already and started taking two Pepcid (famotidine, Wal-Mart brand) and that seems to really help. I also tried taking it with a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. I think both helped as I was feeling nauseous my first day taking it. I am on my third day of 40 mg. I will increase it to 80 mg. in the mornings after one week. I also take Prozac and I feel much better mentally and physically than I have in many, many years. I am fifty-three. My psychiatrist said he wanted me to try Straterra before he tried Adderall. He said that it works well with mood disorders (combined conditions) and that if it works for me it is much better than Adderall would be for me. == == * It's really simple. If you are vomiting STOP taking the Straterra. My doc and the children's both want it stopped if there is vomiting. One suggested to try again later, maybe it was a coincidence virus, but quit. The doc said this happens to about 6% of people who try Straterra. So stop taking it if you are vomiting!!!!!! If you are worried about a child loosing weight add Carnation instant breakfast to their diet or slim fast. They should take it at night w/ whole milk and extra powder. Take last thing AFTER dinner. This is meant to add calories not substitute... == == * The upset stomach associated with Straterra is only one of many outward side effects of a dangerous drug that could be an indication of far more serious and devastating--even permanent-- side effects that no sane adult should tolerate inflicting on an innocent child. Published data reports that this drug is a non-stimulant medication, however the side effects are similar. It works upon the norepinephrine neurotransmitter. Straterra is considereda Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Norepinephrine is the brain's adrenalin. Norephinephrine is involved in the increased rate and force of the heart muscle, constriction of heart muscles, pulmonary function (Hedaya, 1999). If these functions are increased, it would be evident that Strattera could produce possible untoward effects on the cardiovascular system. It is interesting to note that in the safety information that Eli Lilly provides on its website, it refers to possible hazards to those who have heart disease or high blood pressure. Information provided by Eli Lilly accompanying prescriptions of this drug note the possibility of tachycardia, and increased blood pressure. Tourette's disorder, though the etiology is not fully known is being examined as difficulties arising in the metabolism of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. it is known that stimulant drugs can produce Tourette's like behavior in some children (Breggin, 1998). If Straterra affects the norepinephrine system, then it would seem evident that the possibility of such Tourette's like behavior could also become manifest in some children using Strattera. Therefore, though Straterra is being marketed in the fashion of being a non-stimulant drug, its ill effects are quite similar to that manifested by the stimulant medications. Eli Lilly's website notes that growth suppression is a common side effect and needs to be monitored in children making use of this drug. Loss of appetitite and weight loss is also seen. The most common side effects as listed by Lilly are upset stomach, decreased appetite, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, tiredness, and mood swings. These are not unlike that associated with the stimulant medications. Lilly states in its press release in regards to Straterra's introduction: "It�s not known precisely how Strattera reduces ADHD symptoms. Scientists believe it works by blocking or slowing reabsorption of norepinephrine, a brain chemical considered important in regulating attention, impulsivity and activity levels. This keeps more norepinephrine at work in the tiny spaces between neurons in the brain.� If we examine this statement carefully, we see it states 'it is not precisely known', therefore once again a drug is being prescribed whose effects are not fully known for a'disorder' whose psychopathology is not yet delineated. Clinical trials for Straterra have been limited and any information on long term effects has only been studied by Lilly itself. It is interesting to note that before Straterra was actually placed on the market and had just received FDA approval that the stocks for Eli Lilly rose 6% at the announcement (CBS Marketwatch, November 27, 2002). Lilly is aware that it will profit highly by being able to market a drug as a non-stimulant (though its ill effects are similar), that is not a Schedule II drug thus less subject to scrutiny and regulation. Hemant K. Shah, an independent analyst qouted in an AP Health News Report (August 15, 2002) states that Strattera's market potential is large at a time when Eli Lilly is seeking to offset recent setbacks. , "Parents who have refused stimulant dangers because of their knowledge of the hazards involved will now be coerced to utilize Strattera being led to believe it is somehow safer because it does not fall into the category of a stimulant/ Schedule II drug. There is no test for ADHD and neurological testing shows these children to be perfectly normal. == == * My son is 7years old and has been on Straterra since it came out on the market. He experienced stomach pains, vomitting and surpressed appetite. What we found that works for him is to eat his breakfast first and then about half hour later he takes his meds and he is fine. If is should bother him we always pack crackers or granola bar and he is good to go. Be certain to communicate with your child's school nurse and teachers. == == * For anyone with a family member who is taking a prescription drug you should read the Reader's Digest, May 2004 issue, pages 114-120. If your child is vomiting from taking any prescribed drug, this article is a must read. == == * Although the label says it is not necessary to take with food - eating a good meal AND drinking a glass of milk 10 minutes prior to taking Strattera effectively controlled the nausea for me (it disappeared entirely after about three weeks on the medication!). == == * I want to thank the peanut butter faction for this suggestion. I've started eating it just prior to taking Strattera and wow! what a difference! I'm going to mention it to both the doctor and the pharmacist. == == * I have a great remedy that worked wonderful for my son who is 14. FLAXSEED capules. the peanut butter didn't seem to work well enough so I tried giving him 2 1000mg FLAXSEED OIL capules in the am with his 40mg straterra and again in the evening with his 40mgs more. He did not get the usual terrible stomach ache or nausea at all. Try it out. If I give my son the staterra on a very full stomach and make sure he drinks his juice to dilute the acidity of the stomach he does not throw up, if I give just fruit and yogurt something not filling he vomits within about two hours.
