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In computer networking, a packet is a segment of data that is sent over a network from one device, including a computer, to another device. It contains the size, data, type, source. and destination that helps it get to the right destination.

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7y ago

Packetization is the act or process of bundling data into packets according to a specific protocol.

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Q: What is packet?
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Who invent packet Switching?

Paul Baran originally invented the packet switching concept in the early 1960's. Donald Davies also independently invented the idea a few years later. Then, Leonard Kleinrock conducted early research in the related field of digital message switching. He also helped build the ARPANET, the world's first packet switching network.


What is the transmission time of a packet sent by a station if the length of the packer is 1 million bytes and the bandwidth of the channel is 200 Kbps?

Divide 1 million by 200,000 and the answer is 5 seconds.


What is the difference between flow control and congestion control?

Flow control vs. congestion control: Flow control means preventing the source from sending data that the sink will end up dropping because it runs out of buffer space. This is fairly easy with a sliding window protocol--just make sure the source's window is no larger than the free space in the sink's buffer. TCP does this by letting the sink advertise its free buffer space in the window field of the acks. Congestion control means preventing (or trying to prevent) the source from sending data that will end up getting dropped by a router because its queue is full. This is more complicated, because packets from different sources travelling different paths can converge on the same queue.


Why 2 wave traps are provided in the substation?

Line trap also is known as Wave trap. What it does is trapping the high frequency communication signals sent on the line from the remote substation and diverting them to the telecom/teleprotection panel in the substation control room (through coupling capacitor and LMU). This is relevant in Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) systems for communication among various substations without dependence on the telecom company network. The signals are primarily teleprotection signals and in addition, voice and data communication signals.Line trap also is known as Wave trap. What it does is trapping the high frequency communication signals sent on the line from the remote substation and diverting them to the telecom/teleprotection panel in the substation control room (through coupling capacitor and LMU). This is relevant in Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) systems for communication among various substations without dependence on the telecom company network. The signals are primarily teleprotection signals and in addition, voice and data communication signals. The Line trap offers high impedance to the high frequency communication signals thus obstructs the flow of these signals in to the substation busbars. If there were not to be there, then signal loss is more and communication will be ineffective/probably impossible.


What are the Advantages of digital transmission over analog?

Hi,1) Digital signals do not get corrupted by noise etc. You are sending a series of numbers that represent the signal of interest (i.e. audio, video etc.)2) Digital signals typically use less bandwidth. This is just another way to say you can cram more information (audio, video) into the same space.3) Digital can be encrypted so that only the intended receiver can decode it (like pay per view video, secure telephone etc.)There are others, but this is three of the biggies.Hi!Following are the Advantages of Digital Transmission over analog transmission.1. The signal is exact. For example, Digital formats like PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) can hold the exact digital format of sounds.2. Digital signals can checked for errors. Generally, all digital transmission methods use 'head labels' to provide better checking facilities. Head label may contain how many packets may need to complete the transmission, what is the sequence number of each packet of data, acknowledgment labels etc.3. A variety of services can afford over one line. For example, IpTV connection can used to watch cable TV channels while browsing the Internet through a PC using same line. This line can also used to make a phone call at the same time.4. Digital data can be compressed and therefore possible to pass over higher bandwidths. Any digital data; data, image, video, voice can be compressed.5. More secure. Digital data can be encrypt using an encryption method. Only the dedicated receiver can decode the message.6. Supports data integrity. Simple to integrate voice, video and data. Digital transmission provides easier way to integrate different digital formats.7. Digital transmission provides higher maximum transmission rates via medium such as optical fibers. Typically, digital transmissions use less bandwidth.Hope this will help you!(H.W Thushara Indika from Bandarawela - Sri Lanka)