It is a lunisolar calendar. The 12 months are based on the lunar cycle. each month begins with a new moon, and 7 times every 19 years an extra leap month is added.
yes
Judaism is the root of both Christianity and Islam. All three share patriarchs, prophets, scripture, and even law. Judaism is the oldest of the three, as evidenced by the calendars: the current Hebrew calendar year is 5773 AM, while the Christian calendar year is 2012 AD, and the Islamic calendar year is 1434 AH.
Judaism.
Properly speaking, there is no "English" calendar system. You probably mean the predominant Western Calendar (also called the Christian Calendar). This calendar system is best called the "Gregorian Calendar", after Pope Gregory XIII who introduced the calendar system in 1582.
The Catholic Church, i.e. Pope Gregory, instituted the Gregorian Calendar. However, it is now the standard calendar that is recognised by nearly everyone, regardless of religion. I.e., today's date in the Gregorian Calendar is 12 July 2012.
There is nothing in Judaism associated with January 28th. Jewish events are tied to a completely different kind of calendar.
Non-religiously orientated; not having to do with Judaism. For example: 1) We call the Gregorian calendar "the secular calendar" in order to differentiate it from the Jewish calendar. 2) We call such subjects as math and world history "secular subjects" in order to differentiate them from Torah-subjects (Tanakh, Talmud, etc).
David Feinstein has written: 'The Jewish calendar' -- subject(s): Fasts and feasts, Jewish Calendar, Jewish astronomy, Judaism, Liturgy
the Aztec calendar is the most perfect in the world
The oldest Semitic religion that still exists is Judaism. (The ages of the three largest Semitic religions are apparent in their respective calendar years: at the time of this writing, the Jewish calendar year is 5772, the Christian calendar year is 2011, and the Islamic calendar year is 1433.)
A calendar.
The calendar now almost universally in use is the Gregorian calendar introduced in 1582