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If only one network address is available on a host, all transport connections on that machine have to use it. When a TPDU comes in, some way is needed to tell which process to give it to. This situation, called upward multiplexing. While if a user needs more bandwidth than one virtual circuit can provide, a way out is to open multiple network connections and distribute the traffic among them on a round-robin basis. This modus operandi is called downward multiplexing.

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upward and downward ultiplexing

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Q: What is the difference between an upward multiplexing and down-ward multiplexing When they are needed?
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