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A party to a case is a person named in a civil case (plaintiff or defendant) or a person named in a criminal case (defendant, witness, officer of the court, etc.).

There are lots of details and nuances and slight variations from state to state.

A person can be the primary or real or proper party of a lawsuit; that means they are the one being sued or doing the suing. They can also be an indispensable party, an interested party, a necessary party, or a nominal party. These are all degrees of how involved someone is in a case.

Let me attempt an example: Tom and Dick used to be friends, but then Tom took up with Dick's old girlfriend Jane. Dick goes to Tom's apartment and punches him on the nose in front of Jane. Harry owns the apartment building. Tom sues Dick. They are the proper parties of the suit. Jane is a witness and might be a necessary party. Harry wants to recoup the cost of a new door (because Dick broke it down) and is an interested party. No guarantees that this is exact or that the terms would be entirely the same in every jurisdiction.

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Q: What is the meaning of 'to be party to a case'?
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