Its origin is in the Torah (Genesis ch.2, Leviticus ch.23, Exodus ch.20 and many other passages).
The Sabbath is considered in the Jewish religion to be a day blessed by God (Genesis ch.2), a day of rest (Exodus ch.20, ch.31), and a day of strengthening ties with the family, the community, and with God.
There is no reason to not allow Shabbat.
Shabbat, the Sabbath, is the day of rest for the Jews, in tribute to the 7th day of Creation on which God rested.
It is a Minhag (Tradition) that the woman of the house lights the Shabbat candles. (The reason for this is mentioned in the Talmud, that says that this is a Tikun (a correction, an amendment) to the "original sin" of Hava (Eve)) According to many Poskim (Rabbis) this act is a declaration of Kabbalat Shabbat (Welcoming the Shabbat) and thus the woman is usually the first to start the shabbat.
In Judaism, it depends on the reason for the candle. Candles are used on Shabbat, Motza'ei Shabbat, Holy Days, Yahrzeits, and Hanukkah, all for different reasons.
Yes; and the Hanukkah candles are lit earlier than usual for that reason.
They prepare their children for Shabbat and light the Shabbat candles.
"Shabbat Shalom!"
They're called Shabbat candles (Neirot Shabbat in Hebrew).
Anyone can attend a Shabbat service. Sometimes people need a different perspective in order to answer the questions they are seeking. As long as you are respectful of the service, I dont see any reason why someone could not attend.
After Shabbat, there is the Havdalah service.
Shabbat Shabbatot
Shabbat comes from the Hebrew word for sit/rest. Shabbat is the day of rest.