What is the relationship between dna rna and protein synthesis?

Answer 1

The process of proteins synthesis starts with DNA which contains the information that is going to be used to create the proteins. A molecule called RNA polymerase uses one of the two DNA strands as a template to create an mRNA molecule which contains the base pairs that complement the DNA strand. If the cell is a eukaryotic cell then the mRNA molecule needs to leave the nucleus and then attach to a ribosome. If the cell is prokaryotic then the ribosome binds without the mRNA molecule having to be moved locations (in fact the mRNA doesnt even have to be complete for a ribosome to begin its process). So the ribosome attaches to the mRNA and as each codon (group of three base pairs) moves into each of the three spots in the ribosome, it gets read, then a tRNA molecule brings and matches a protein subunit which gets attached to the chain of protein subunits that are being created and then the codon exits the ribosome. The ribosome knows to attach because of a "start codon" that is usually AUG and knows to stop adding to the protein chain when it reaches a "stop codon".

Answer 2

DNA replication is the process by which a strand of DNA is copied prior to cellular division so as to provide genetic material for each of the resulting cells. The main process involves unwinding the normal double helix structure of DNA and going down each half of the split helix and bonding a matching nucleotide to each half one at a time until you have 2 new full strands of DNA.

Protein Synthesis on the other hand unzips the DNA and creates a small piece of RNA encoding the opposite nucleotides of that on the DNA strand being synthesized. This RNA is then sent to a ribosome in the cell which adds a specific amino acid for each RNA sequence until a full protein or polypeptide has been formed.

Both of these processes are essential to all living organisms. Replication allows organisms to reproduce and produce new copies of themselves while synthesis is vital for actually expressing the genetic code stored in the DNA. You cannot have one without the other, as proteins need to be synthesized to perform the replication process, while without replication, there is no organism to even synthesize a protein!