One parent is not allowed to take the child out of the country with out court approval, and/or consent of the other parent. So, talk to your attorney, child services, or you can even call the police and file a charge for kidnapping, if the child is underage.
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That largely depends on the circumstances, and things like marital status, custody, and existing court orders. In any case, consulting a lawyer would be a very good idea.
You cannot take a child out of the country without the consent of the other parent.
Yes. He can't take the child out of the country without the consent of the other parent, but he can go wherever he likes.
The passport application requires both signatures, in person.
Certain minors can get a vaccination without parental consent in Texas per a law passed in 2013. Only minors who are pregnant, or are a parent with custody of a child, can receive a vaccination without parental consent.
No
Unless the parents are legally divorced and you are the 'custodial parent' you cannot. This is a Passport Office regulation which is in place to prevent one parent from removing the child from the country wihout the other parent's consent or knowledge. CAUTION: If the parents have joint custody, awarded by divorce or a child custody decree, check your paperwork carefully! You may find that your court decree forbids removing the child form the country (or in some cases, even the state), without the other parents consent.
If the child is a minor (under 18yrs.), yes, the marriage can be stopped by a parent. The child can not marry without the consent of a parent/legal guardian or custodial parent.
Pregnancy/having a child does not emancipate a person.
A hospital can treat a 16 year old minor without getting the consent of the parent depending on why the child is being treated. For example, in an emergency situation, the child will generally be treated in the ER without permission from any parent.
Yes. The fact that the parent brought the child to the dentist 'implies' consent to treatment. This is not as compelling as a signed "informed consent" but if it can be established that the parent did or reasonably should have understood that the child would be treated, then implied consent may be sufficient defense against a claim of non-consent.
No, you will need the other parents and the courts permission.
You need a letter from the other parent giving permission. Otherwise you risk having difficulty either leaving or returning.