The answer you are looking for is "Persia", but this is incorrect.
At exactly 1500 C.E., Iran was not under a unitary government. The Timurids lost power in 1458 and the Safavids came to power in 1502, as a result, different parts of Iran were under different empires of the Oghuz Türks. Even if the European in question was referring to Persia as a geographic region, the name Persia would be different in different languages depending on the European State (athough most are similar to either Perjza or Persiya in pronunciation).
The language common to both Iran and Afghanistan is Persian (or Farsi)
No European capital is named after the capital of Iran, Tehran.
approximately 1500+
No European languages can be considered "common" in Iran, but the most widely studied foreign language (after Arabic) is English, which is a European language.
Iran, originally called Persia, was one of the first empires on the earth, established on 3000 BC. Mexico's civilizations, on the other hand, first appeared around 1500 BC.
Iran and Azerbaijan.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is from Iran, which is not a country in Europe, so he is not European.
Iran and Azerbaijan
And Iran.
The question as written makes no sense. Iraq and Iran (formerly called Persia each other with no country in between them. (Consult the above map.) However, if you meant to ask which country is between Afghanistan and Iraq, it would be Iran (formerly called Persia).As for the modern country that used to be called Persia, this would be Iran.
Persia is now called Iran
Persia describes the modern region of Iran. It was named after a province in southwestern Iran, which is now called Fars, but was then called Pars. Pars eventually was called Parsa which the Greeks would pronounce as Persia.