Iran

A contra arrangement with a supplier is achieved through mutual agreement, where both parties agree to offset debts against each other’s obligations. This typically involves negotiating terms that specify how the value of goods or services exchanged will be balanced, often resulting in reduced cash transactions. Clear documentation and communication are essential to ensure both parties understand and agree to the terms of the contra arrangement. Regular reviews may also be necessary to maintain transparency and address any discrepancies.

The Iranian Revolution of 1979 led to the establishment of an Islamic Republic under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini. This government combined elements of Islamic theocracy with republican principles, where religious authorities held significant power over political decisions. The system emphasized Shia Islamic law (Sharia) and governance by clerics, fundamentally altering Iran's political landscape.

As of my last update in October 2023, DHL has been operating in Iran, but its services may be subject to restrictions due to international sanctions and regulatory changes. Companies like DHL must navigate complex legal environments when operating in sanctioned countries. For the most current status, it's best to check DHL's official communications or news updates regarding their operations in Iran.

Persians traditionally believe that illness can be caused by a combination of physical, spiritual, and environmental factors. In Persian medicine, the balance of the four bodily humors—blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile—is considered crucial for health, and an imbalance can lead to illness. Additionally, spiritual influences, such as the evil eye or negative energies, are thought to contribute to health issues. Therefore, treatments often involve a holistic approach, addressing both the body and spirit.

The Iranian Revolution of 1979 was primarily driven by widespread discontent with the Shah's authoritarian regime, characterized by political repression, economic inequality, and lack of democratic freedoms. A diverse coalition of religious leaders, leftist groups, and middle-class citizens united against the Shah, organizing protests, strikes, and demonstrations. The pivotal moment came when mass protests escalated and the military refused to suppress them, ultimately leading to the Shah's exile. Ayatollah Khomeini emerged as a key figure, and the revolution culminated in the establishment of an Islamic Republic.

The population of the Safavid Empire, which existed from 1501 to 1736, is estimated to have been between 10 to 20 million people at its height. This diverse population included various ethnic and religious groups, predominantly Persians, but also Kurds, Azeris, Arabs, and others. The empire's extensive territory, which encompassed modern-day Iran and parts of neighboring countries, contributed to its demographic complexity. However, precise population figures are difficult to ascertain due to limited historical records.

The Safavid dynasty, which ruled Persia from 1501 to 1736, is renowned for establishing Shi'a Islam as the state religion, fundamentally shaping Iran's religious identity. They contributed significantly to art and culture, exemplified by exquisite Persian carpets, architecture like the Shah Mosque in Isfahan, and advancements in miniature painting. The Safavids also fostered trade and cultural exchange, linking Persia to Europe and Asia, which helped stimulate economic growth and intellectual development during their reign. Their legacy continues to influence Iranian culture and religious practices today.

Daily life in the Safavid Empire (1501-1736) was shaped by a blend of Islamic traditions and Persian culture. Urban centers like Isfahan were bustling with trade, craftsmanship, and vibrant markets, while rural communities engaged in agriculture and pastoral activities. Social life was often organized around religious practices, with communal gatherings for prayers and festivals playing a significant role. The arts flourished, with poetry, calligraphy, and miniature painting being integral to cultural expression, reflecting the empire's rich heritage.

The Safavid dynasty, which ruled Persia from the early 16th to the mid-18th century, originated from a Sufi religious order founded by Sheikh Safi al-Din. They established Twelver Shia Islam as the state religion, marking a significant shift from Sunni Islam in Persia and shaping the region's religious identity. The Safavid era is also noted for its cultural legacy, including advancements in art, architecture, and literature, which blended Persian, Islamic, and various regional influences, leading to a flourishing of Persian culture that continues to resonate today. Their impact on Iranian national identity and the religious landscape of the region remains profound.

The Safavid Empire, which ruled Persia from 1501 to 1736, effectively integrated various foreign ideas into its culture through religious, artistic, and political influences. They adopted Shi'a Islam as a state religion, drawing from earlier Islamic traditions while also incorporating elements from Persian Zoroastrianism. Artistic endeavors, such as miniature painting and carpet weaving, showcased Persian techniques blended with influences from the Ottoman and Mughal empires. Additionally, the Safavids established trade routes that facilitated cultural exchange, allowing for the infusion of ideas from Europe and Central Asia into Persian society.

The predominant branch of Muslims living in Iran is Twelver Shia Islam, which is the official state religion. This sect believes in a line of twelve Imams, starting with Ali ibn Abi Talib, who are considered the rightful successors to the Prophet Muhammad. Shia Islam in Iran is characterized by its unique religious practices, theological beliefs, and cultural traditions, distinguishing it from Sunni Islam, which is more prevalent in other parts of the Muslim world.

Iran's contribution to UN peacekeeping primarily involves providing personnel for various missions, although its participation has been limited compared to other nations. The country has deployed military observers and police to peacekeeping operations, particularly in regions like Lebanon and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Additionally, Iran has expressed support for UN peacekeeping efforts through diplomatic channels, advocating for regional stability and conflict resolution. However, its involvement is often complicated by geopolitical tensions and its controversial international standing.

The war between Iran and Iraq in 1980 was largely fueled by the stark ideological differences between Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini and Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. Khomeini's Islamic Revolution aimed to export a Shia Islamist ideology, which threatened Saddam's secular Ba'athist regime and the Sunni majority in Iraq. Additionally, territorial disputes, particularly over the Shatt al-Arab waterway, and Iraq's desire to assert regional dominance further escalated tensions, leading Saddam to invade Iran. This confluence of ideological rivalry and territorial ambition ultimately sparked the prolonged conflict.

The Iranian government demanded the return of the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who was in the U.S. for medical treatment, as well as the return of his assets and financial reparations. They also sought an end to U.S. interference in Iranian affairs and the recognition of Iran's sovereignty. Additionally, there were calls for the U.S. to apologize for its past actions in Iran, particularly regarding the 1953 coup that overthrew Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh.

The Iran-Contra Affair began in the mid-1980s, with key events starting in 1985. It involved secret U.S. arms sales to Iran, which was under an arms embargo, to fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua fighting the Sandinista government. The scandal came to light in 1986, leading to significant political ramifications for the Reagan administration.

The concession granted to Britain in Iran, particularly the 1901 agreement allowing British control over Iranian oil fields, significantly impacted Iran's sovereignty and economy. It led to widespread resentment among the Iranian populace, contributing to nationalist movements and anti-imperialist sentiments. The concession also heightened tensions between various powers vying for influence in the region, ultimately culminating in the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911, which sought to limit foreign control and promote democratic reforms in Iran.

The Safavid Empire, which ruled Persia from the early 16th to the mid-18th century, is renowned for establishing Twelver Shi'ism as the state religion, significantly shaping the region's religious landscape. They made notable contributions to art and architecture, with exquisite mosques and buildings such as the Shah Mosque in Isfahan exemplifying their aesthetic achievements. The Safavid period also saw advancements in Persian culture, literature, and philosophy, fostering a renaissance that influenced subsequent generations. Additionally, their promotion of trade and craftsmanship helped integrate Persia into broader economic networks.

No, Iran does not use the 2597-year calendar. Instead, Iran primarily uses the Persian calendar (also known as the Solar Hijri calendar), which is a solar calendar that has 12 months and is based on the movement of the sun. The year in the Persian calendar is currently 1402, as of 2023. The calendar is widely used for civil purposes in Iran.

The U.S. supported Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) primarily to counter the spread of Iranian influence following the 1979 Iranian Revolution. By backing Iraq, the U.S. aimed to maintain a balance of power in the region and prevent the establishment of a Shiite Islamic regime that could threaten U.S. interests and allies in the Middle East. This support included intelligence sharing, economic aid, and military supplies, reflecting a strategic choice to contain Iran rather than support Iraq's authoritarian regime.

The transformation of the Persians from a nomadic people to an empire was marked by their unification under strong leadership, particularly during the reign of Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BCE. They adopted agricultural practices, centralized governance, and developed sophisticated administrative systems, which facilitated the management of diverse populations. This transition was also characterized by military conquests that expanded their territory, allowing them to control trade routes and resources, ultimately leading to the establishment of one of the largest empires in history.

Contra inoculations refer to the practice of administering a vaccine or immunization that is intended to counteract or prevent the effects of a previous vaccine or infection. This approach may be used to enhance immunity or address adverse reactions from earlier vaccinations. It is not a commonly used term in mainstream medicine, but it can be relevant in specific contexts, such as in research or specialized immunotherapy strategies. Overall, the concept emphasizes the dynamic nature of immunization and the body's immune response.

Iran does not participate in the International Space Station (ISS) program. While Iran has its own space agency and has developed its own space technology, it has not been a partner in the ISS collaboration, which includes space agencies like NASA, ESA, Roscosmos, JAXA, and CSA. Iran's space activities are primarily focused on developing its own satellite and launch capabilities.

Yes, Iran is home to several volcanoes, primarily located in the Alborz and Zagros mountain ranges. Notable volcanoes include Mount Damavand, which is the highest peak in Iran and an active stratovolcano. While most of Iran's volcanoes are dormant, some, like Mount Sabalan and Mount Ararat, have the potential for future activity. The volcanic landscape contributes to the country's varied geography and geological features.

The attack on the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and the subsequent hostage crisis occurred in the 1970s, specifically beginning on November 4, 1979. This event marked a significant moment in U.S.-Iran relations and lasted for 444 days, until the hostages were released on January 20, 1981.

Kemal Atatürk and Reza Shah Pahlavi shared a common outlook due to their roles as transformative leaders in their respective nations during the early 20th century. Both were military officers who rose to power amid the decline of traditional empires (the Ottoman Empire for Atatürk and the Qajar dynasty for Pahlavi) and sought to modernize and secularize their countries. They implemented sweeping reforms aimed at nation-building, including legal, educational, and cultural changes, emphasizing nationalism and state control. Their shared experiences of navigating post-imperial contexts fostered a mutual understanding of the challenges of modernization and national identity.