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Iron ore or Haematite (Fe3O2), Carbon in the form of 'Coke', and Limestone (Calcium Carbonate 'CaCO3') are all used in the blast furnace. Iron Ore is melted down with coke, the coke burns heat into the furnace. Oxygen gas is blasted in from the sides. The carbon (C) and oxygen (O2) react to form carbon dioxide gas (CO2). At higher temperatures more carbon (C) is reacted with the carbon dioxide(CO2) to create carbon monoxide (2CO). The carbon monoxide 'steals' the oxygen from the iron oxide (Fe3O2), reducing the iron oxide to iron. Due to the impurities in the iron, it is called 'pig iron'. Limestone (CaCO3) is added to remove the impurities from the iron. The limestone (CaCO3) reacts with mainly silicate in the iron, and becomes calcium silicate (CaSiO3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Calcium silicate is known as 'slag' and is used for construction.

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Q: What raw materials are used in a blast furnace?
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