What was the Clubman Movement?

Answer 1

Clubmen were bands of local defence vigilantes during the English Civil War (1642-1651) who tried to protect their homes, wives and possessions against the brutality of the armies of both sides in the war.

Initially Clubmen weren't considered a "Movement." Groups came together spontaneously in response to the actions of soldiers in their towns. But as the war continued Clubmen in some areas were organized by the local gentry and churchmen and were a force which both sides in the war had to reckon with when planning an attack and policing some areas, particularly in the south and west. The Clubmen wore white armbands, were independent, and they were repressed by both warring sides.