Ummaya was a leader of the Quraish. His descendents were Hazrat Abu Sufyan (RAU) and his son Hazrat Amir Muawia (RAU). The caliphate established by Hazrat Amir Muawia (RAU) and his descendents is called Ummayad Caliphate. The Abbasids revolted agaisnt this caliphate later on.
There are two Umayyad Caliphates, one being a successor of the other. The first Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus from 660 C.E. to 750 C.E. was overthrown by a coup d'etat led by the Abbassid Family. The one surviving member of the family relocated to the newly conquered province of Al-Andalus (southern Spain) and established Umayyad Caliphate in Cordoba from 711 C.E. to 1038 C.E.. This Caliphate ended when the final Caliph, Hisham III, died without any successors.
The Umayyad Caliphate was the dynastic state which inherited the territory, citizens, and governing officials of the Rashidun Caliphate, the Islamic government created by the Islamic Prophet Muhammad's Apostles. The Umayyads came to power through the Fitna Al-Kubra (also known as the First Islamic Civil War) where they overthrew the last caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, Ali ibn Abi Talib. After ascending to power, they sent their armies in various directions to conquer more territory. Most people in these new territories accepted the conquest without challenge and openly joined in the conquering armies. After conquering many lands, the Umayyads established an empire based on an Arab Sunni Aristocracy. The Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus fell around 100 years after its foundation due to internal strife and localized rebellion. In Al-Andalus, the Umayyad Caliphate remained relatively strong and fostered a Golden Age in thought and development for nearly three centuries.
Abbasid Caliphate.
The Abbasid dynasty
The one that came right after it and conquered the Iberian peninsula was the Umayyad caliphate. The Umayyad Caliphate was in turn replaced by the Abbassid, Fatimid, Aghlabid, Idrissid, Buyid, Ayyubid, and numerous other Caliphates.
From 661 CE to 750 CE.
Umayyad Caliphate's capital city is Damascus.
It depends on which Umayyad Caliphate you are talking about.The Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus from 660 C.E. to 750 C.E. was overthrown by a coup d'état led by the Abbassid Family.The Umayyad Caliphate in Cordoba from 711 C.E. to 1038 C.E. ended when the final Caliph, Hisham III, died without any successors.
The Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus was succeeded by Abbassid Family. Whereas Umayyad Caliphate in Cordoba ended without any successor when Hisham II, the final Caliph died.
It depends on which Umayyad Caliphate you are talking about. The Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus from 660 C.E. to 750 C.E. was overthrown by a coup d'état led by the Abbassid Family. The Abbassids remained in power from 750 C.E. to 1258 C.E. but lost a significant amount of power by the year 1000 C.E. The Umayyad Caliphate in Cordoba from 711 C.E. to 1038 C.E. ended when the final Caliph, Hisham III, died without any successors. The Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba splintered into over 30 different minor city-state kingdoms called Taifas.
Abd al-Rahman I founded the Umayyad Dynasty in Cordoba after he fled the coup d'etat by the Abbassids against the Umayyad Caliphate based in Damascus. Abd al-Rahman was the only Umayyad survivor, but was able to flee beyond the control of the Abbassids by taking over the Spanish territories of the Caliphate.
Umayyad Dynasty
It depends on what you mean by "defeated". The Umayyad armies experienced their first major loss in Poitiers, France in 732 C.E. The Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus was overthrown by the Abbassids in 750 C.E. The Umayyad Caliphate in Córdoba, Spain collapsed in 1038 C.E. with the death of Hisham III without any successors.
Janina M Safran has written: 'The second Umayyad Caliphate' -- subject(s): Caliphate, History