The one that came right after it and conquered the Iberian peninsula was the Umayyad caliphate. The Umayyad Caliphate was in turn replaced by the Abbassid, Fatimid, Aghlabid, Idrissid, Buyid, Ayyubid, and numerous other Caliphates.
Rashidun Caliphate was created in 632.
The Rashidun Caliphate (the Muslims), led by Caliph Omar, conquered the Levant in 634 C.E. The Rashidun Caliphate would control this territory until the rise of the Umayyad and Abbassid Caliphates. This control last over 300 years.
The Rashidun Caliphate under Omar.
The Rashidun Caliphate was the first of the four major caliphates established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was ruled by the first four successive caliphs (successors) of Muhammad after his death in 632 CE (AH 11). These caliphs are collectively known in Sunni Islam as the Rashidun, ... However, after six months the group made peace with Abu Bakr and Ali ...
There are over 25 different Islamic Empires that have been considered a "Caliphate" of one form or another, not just three. If perhaps, the question intends to ask about the most famous three Caliphates, the Rashidun, Umayyad, and Abbassid Caliphates, these were located in the Middle East and extending across North Africa and Iberia. Other Caliphates generally fit in the same set of areas as well as extending down the African East Coast, Sahelian Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, and the Indonesian Archipelago.
Typically, the official language in the Caliphates was Arabic, but there were several Caliphates in Persia, Central Asia, and India which did not use Arabic as their official language. The Ottoman Empire also used Turkish.
Rashidun Caliphate was the 1st caliph to set out to conquer territory from Byzantines. This happened in the year 632.
The question as put is unanswerable. There are over 25 different Caliphates that have fought innumerable battles. Please be more specific.
The Umayyads established the Umayyad Caliphate, the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.
Ummaya was a leader of the Quraish. His descendents were Hazrat Abu Sufyan (RAU) and his son Hazrat Amir Muawia (RAU). The caliphate established by Hazrat Amir Muawia (RAU) and his descendents is called Ummayad Caliphate. The Abbasids revolted agaisnt this caliphate later on.
Sa'ad ibn Waqqas led the Rashidun Caliphate's armies in the conquest of the Sassanian Empire (including Iraq) in 637 C.E.
Egypt became part of the Rashidun Caliphate and the jizya tax was imposed on those who would not convert to Islam took hold. However, even with this form of discrimination many Christian groups other than Orthodox Byzantines (like the Copts and Nestorians) and Non-Christian groups like the Jews preferred the tax to the outright violence under the Byzantine Empire. Many of the elites in Egypt did convert and the Byzantine Egyptian Navy became the primary naval force of the Rashidun and, later, Umayyad Caliphates.