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resting potential
For depolarisation to occur as part of an action potential, +40 mV inside the neuron fibre compared to outside the membrane. For summation after a synapse to determine whether the post-synaptic neuron will fire an action potential, the threshold is +20mV inside the neuron compared to the outside.
The main ions found inside a neuron are potassium and organic anions. The organic anions cannot cross the cell membrane but potassium ions can. It is the diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell which is the main cause of the resting membrane potential.
The inside of a typical cell is posotive in respect to the outside. I got this out of my biology book.
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Outside a neuron, there are mostly sodium ions but some potassium ions. Inside the neuron, there are only potassium ions. Since both sodium and potassium are positive ions, and they are in a higher concentration outside the cell, that makes the outside have a more positive charge than the inside. But for all intents and purposes, the outside is positive, and the inside is negative. When the sodium ions (Na+) rush into the cell during depolarization, it causes the concentration of positive ions inside the cell to go WAY up, making the inside more positive than the outside. This means that the outside is now negative and the inside now positive.
When a neuron is resting then inside of the cell membrane is more negative than outside.
It depends on what the sign is before your number. A positive sign in front of the number indicates that the inside of the cell is more positive when compared to the outside; a negative sign in front of the number indicates that the cell is more negative compared to the outside. The resting potential of a neuron is always negative when compared to the outside of the neuron, and usually lies around -90mV. For different cells in the body, the resting potential may vary but it will always be negative :)!
its about 10mM inside and 140 mM outside the cell.
As potassium leaves the neuron, the inside of the cell will become progressively more negative, which will attract the positive potassium ions, preventing further exodus. If this electrical force is great enough, it will actually draw potassium ions from the outside of the cell back inside.
A neuron wouldn't be at rest if it had positive membrane potential. It would fire an action potential. If the neuron remained depolarized then it will fire controllably, and nearby cells are then at risk of being overstimulated. If this activity spreads far enough then it will lead to an epileptic seizure - which is also damaging to neurons.
The chief positive intracellular ion in a resting neuron is a potassium ion. Just inside the cell of a resting neuron, the membrane is negative.
The Na concentration is higher outside of the neuron's plasma membrane, while the K concentration is higher inside the neuron's plasma membrane. This creates an electrochemical gradient that allows for the generation and transmission of electrical signals in neurons.
Sodium is the major positive ion outside the cell. Potassium is the major positive ion inside the cell.
resting potential
The sodium ion concentration is higher on the outside of the cell and potassium ion concentration is higher on the inside of the cell