Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution mandated creation of a Judicial Branch of government, with the power vested in a Supreme Court. The Judiciary Act of 1789 officially established the Supreme Court and a small federal court system.
Explanation
The US Constitution, adopted on September 17, 1787, ratified by the states on June 21, 1788, and made operational on March 4, 1789, established a framework for the institution and construction of the United States government. The original document consists of a Preamble and seven Articles that describe the form of the working government, as well as the delegation and limitation of powers.
Article III of the Constitution provided for the creation of a Judicial branch (a court system, specifically including the Supreme Court), as well as the general responsibilities and powers vested in this branch, but left the specific implementation and details to Congress (the Legislative branch).
One of the first bills enacted in the U.S. Congress was the Judiciary Act of 1789, legislature that established the federal court system, including the US Supreme Court. The Act called for a total of six members, a Chief Justice and five Associate Justices, who were officially headquartered in the nation's capitol.
Congress divided the country into three judicial "circuits," the Eastern, Middle, and Southern, that were further subdivided into 13 districts. The original Justices had to "ride the circuit," making the rounds to each of the districts to hear cases twice per year (when Chief Justice John Jay threatened to resign due to the grueling schedule, Congress reduced the Circuit rounds in 1793 to once year). This practice continued until the late 19th-century.
The federal court system established under the US Constitution was created under the Judiciary Act of 1789, on September 24, 1789.
how did the congress create the supreme court and the lower federal courts
federal district court, federal court of appeals court,and the U.S. supreme court.
The supreme court
Congress created the first "inferior courts" of the federal judiciary in the Judiciary Act of 1789, but has expanded or dismantled parts of the federal court system at various points in history.
both have one supreme court
supreme
The Supreme Court of the United States
The Constitution established only one federal court, the Supreme Court. It left to Congress the job of creating the federal court system. Congress has created three types of federal courts. 1. District Courts--the nation is divided into 94 federal judicial districts, each with its own district court. These are the courts where cases are tried. 2. Courts of Appeals. The District Courts are divided into 12 regions, called circuits. Each circuit has its own Court of Appeals. There is also a Federal Circuit which covers the entire nation. If a person looses a case in the district court that person can appeal the case to the court of appeals. 3 The Supreme Court. The Supreme Court is the highest of the federal courts. Cases from the court of appeals in each circuit and from the state supreme courts can be appealed to the Supreme Court.
The federal court system comprises the Supreme Court, circuit courts of appeal, and district courts. There are also specialized federal courts.
Most cases reach the US Supreme Court via the US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts, which are part of the federal court system.
The final authority in the federal system is the Supreme Court.
The Constitution established only one federal court, the Supreme Court. It left to Congress the job of creating the federal court system. Congress has created two types of federal courts, District and Courts of Appeals . It has also enacted laws dealing with the size and function of the Supreme Court.