The answer to this question is not as straightforward as it may seem. Article III, Section 2 of the Constitution granted original jurisdiction over maritime cases to the US Supreme Court or, by extension, to the federal courts.
The Judiciary Act of 1789, however, inserted the "Saving to Suitors" Clause that permitted concurrent jurisdictionbetween state and federal courts for cases, such as minor personal injury (specified later under the Jones Act, which provided the sole exception allowing a jury trial in maritime cases), cargo damage, or property claims, that could be resolved by common-law, and were not specific to general maritime law. Suits related to non-commercial recreational boats may also be heard in state courts.
Many cases in admiralty are in Rem (against the vessel, large movable property, or real estate), which fall under the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal courts. Examples of this class of suit include:
divorce.
Federal courts have subject matter jurisdiction over all matters involving federal law.
Cases involving federal law.
Both the US Supreme Court and the US District Courts share original jurisdiction over cases involving foreign diplomats; however, Congress has decided to allow the US District Courts to exercise original jurisdiction in this area. The Supreme Court may choose to hear these cases, but does not.
United States District Courts have original jurisdiction over cases involving federal crimes, civil suits under federal law, civil suits between citizens of different states, admiralty and maritime cases, bankruptcy cases, actions of certain federal administrative agencies, and other matters that may be assigned to them by Congress.
The Federal Courts system will only handle specific cases. They handle them if the United States is a party, cases involving violations of federal laws, bankruptcy, copyright issues, patent issues, and maritime law cases.
US District Courts have original jurisdiction in most cases of general jurisdiction; however the US Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in a limited class of cases, such as those involving disputes between the states.
Cases involving admiralty and maritime law are about disputes and issues that arise on navigable waters, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. These cases typically involve matters like ship collisions, cargo damage, maritime injuries, salvage operations, and maritime insurance claims. Admiralty and maritime law governs these cases to ensure uniformity and consistency in resolving legal disputes related to maritime activities.
Those courts are called courts of General Jurisdiction.
No.No. Only cases involving federal laws and federal jurisdiction.
involving two or more states
Federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over several categories of law including: Trademarks, copyrights, maritime law, conflicts between the states, when you want to sue your state or an official of it, violations of federal laws which do not have a state equivalent, cases that involve foreign governments or citizens. Federal courts also have some jurisdiction if you are suing someone from another state who has significantly harmed you and doesn't have any connection to your state.