Well, I must first of all say that my statement is of my own interpretation of the story. However, it may be possible that Claudius was planning on killing off Hamlet (or at least spy on him) from the very beginning. By looking at Claudius's personality, namely his willingness to kill for power, it can be implied that Claudius is fearful of loosing his power in the same way. Of all that may pose a threat to Claudius, Hamlet seems to be the most likely threat as he is in direct line to the throne (after all why not kill off the king and become the new king a little ahead of schedule?). So due to Claudius's paranoid nature, it may be possible that he intended to keep Hamlet in Elsinore so that he could plot to get rid of him.
He only sent him to England once. Ostensibly this was to have Hamlet collect the "neglected tribute" Secretly Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have letters to the English authorities instructing them to execute Hamlet when he arrives.
Hamlet wanted to go to Wittenburg, but he was not allowed to. "As for your intent to return to school in Wittemburg, it is most retrograde to our desire." says Claudius. They give him very little choice but to agree to remain in Denmark.
The king would rather have Hamlet stay at Elsinore because he doesn't trust him anywhere else. This lets him keep an eye on Hamlet.
They both say they want Hamlet to stay at Elsinore Castle instead of going back to school at Wittenberg.
At the play The Mousetrap Ophelia says it is "twice two months" since the senior Hamlet died. After that there is time for Hamlet to leave, for Laertes to hear in France that his father has died, and to return to Denmark, reconcile with Claudius, hear that Hamlet is returned, plan a fencing match and put it into motion: at least a couple of weeks more. It is about four-and-a-half months later.
A cock (rooster) crowing. Roosters are, of course, supposed to crow at dawn, and the ghost says he must return to Purgatory before then.
"Osric did not "get" Hamlet and Laertes to fight. He stood by as a referee in the duel between the two adversaries. He called out the "hits". They duelled because Laertes believed that Hamlet was responsible for the death of his sister Ophelia and wished to avenge it. This belief had been fostered by Claudius who saw a way of having Hamlet killed as he knew that Claudius had murdered his - Hamlet's - father." This is almost correct. Indeed Osric was not the cause of Hamlet and Laertes duel, the King was the one who came up with this idea because he found it the easiest way to have Hamlet killed without the suspect of foul play. But Laertes agreed to the duel not only because he believed Hamlet's madness caused Ophelia to also go mad ultimately killing her, he also dueled because of Hamlet's cold blooded murder of his father Polonius...just wanted to add that Polonius had two reasons for wanting to duel Hamlet.
In my view, the pace of Hamlet slows down in Act IV after the frenetic Act III. Hamlet gets to be offstage for a while (being on the boat to England), a welcome relief for the actor playing him no doubt. In the meantime, we hear a lot about Ophelia and Laertes. Ophelia is nuts and we pause to reflect on that. Although Laertes bursts into the palace with the intention of revenge upon Claudius, for the most part the scenes with Laertes are plotting and talk, talk, talk. The movement of the story is held up as the characters discuss their situation and prepare for what is to come in Act V: Hamlet's return.
They both say they want Hamlet to stay at Elsinore Castle instead of going back to school at Wittenberg.
Laertes wants to go to Paris, he's allowed to go to Paris. Hamlet wants to go to Wittenberg, and what he gets is "As for your desire to return to school in Wittenberg, it is most retrograde to our desire." Hamlet has to stay at home so his uncle can keep an eye on him.
Claudius denies Hamlet from heading back to Wittenberg. It should be noted that Hamlet made the choice himself, but was persuaded by Claudius to say no.
You do realize that this is the wrong Martin Luther, right?
No. Hamlet does show some interest in being king before he dies, especially in the line "popped in between the election and my hopes." Nevertheless his main interest is to return to University. "As for your intent to return to Wittenberg, it is most retrograde to our desires." However, Hamlet shows no wish to be king after he dies. This would mean that Denmark was to be ruled by a ghost, and although apparently there is some precedent for ghost-kings showing up in Denmark, a spectral monarch would probably be a fairly ineffective form of government. I mean, the privy council could only meet at midnight . . .
He did it by the Lord Jesus Christ
Ophelia loves Hamlet and is devastated by his rejection of her--it is one reason she loses her mind. Gertrude also loves Hamlet; this becomes apparent in the Closet scene, and her behaviour afterwards. Hamlet unfortunately does not return either of their loves with the intensity with which they give it.
Claudius (the king) respects Hamlet as a son in the beginning. He even tells Hamlet that he hopes that he sees him as a father figure. Claudius views Hamlet as a son and hopes to eventually have Hamlet view him as a father.
Laertes asks Hamlet to forgive him for killing him. In exchange, he offers to forgive Hamlet for killing him (and perhaps also his father and sister.) This may be just so he can die in peace or it may have some bearing on where the two end up in the afterlife.
At the play The Mousetrap Ophelia says it is "twice two months" since the senior Hamlet died. After that there is time for Hamlet to leave, for Laertes to hear in France that his father has died, and to return to Denmark, reconcile with Claudius, hear that Hamlet is returned, plan a fencing match and put it into motion: at least a couple of weeks more. It is about four-and-a-half months later.
IRET stands for RETurn from Interrupt.
Hamlet relays to Horatio that two days on his voyage to England with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, they were overtook by pirates. Upon boarding the pirate ship to stand and fight, Hamlet was captured. Hamlet says in his letter that the pirates were well in their mercy, but of course expected some kindness back in some way. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are safely on their way to England still. Hamlet has been released by the pirates and now writes to Horatio to tell him that he's alright. He also tells Horatio to escort his messengers to the King and Queen, for they have messages for them too. Later on, Hamlet reveals to Horatio what Rosencrantz's and Guildenstern's fates are.