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Because hot nitric acid attacks the rubber or cork stoppers used to connect a distillation flask to a condenser. This results in contaminated acid and leaks fumes. Retorts are single all glass objects and typically are equipped with a glass stopper . The alternative to using a retort is using ground glass joints in the distillation flask to Condenser setup and those are much more expensive than just a simple retort. Water filled condensers are more efficient sure. But for just a lecture demonstration of the process, a retort is easier to set up and use.

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Q: Why do you use glass retort in laboratory preparation of Nitric acid?
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