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How does insulin transport glucose into cells?
Insulin is secreted via the pancreas when blood sugar is above normal, such as after eating a candy bar. The glucose from that candy bar needs to enter your cells to be stored for later. Think of insulin as the key for opening the door to the cell to let glucose in, without it, you couldn't use the energy from food, which is called diabetes. This is a way simplified version of what actually goes on in this cellular response but I hope it helped!
Does the Beta Cells in the pancreatic islets produce insulin?
The gene for producing insulin is present in every body cell, but the pancreas is the only thing that makes it and yes. It also produces and secretes the enzymes that digest fat, proteins and starch molecules.
How does insulin effect blood sugar and how does this relate to type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Insulin is the chemical released from the pancreas (in non-Diabetics) to lower blood sugar whenever we eat. Type 1 Diabetics are insulin dependent (need to inject themselves with insulin to stay at a healthy blood sugar level) and Type 2 Diabetics who don't necessarily look after themselves well may need to become insulin dependent.
Does ordinary milk have any glucose?
Almonst all food and liquids (other than water) that humans consume have some form of sugar (look for words ending in -trose, like dextrose). As well, almost every food or liquid, including milk, breaks down in the digestive tract and forms "glucose", which is the body's and cell's fuel. As we eat or drink, the pancreas secretes insulin. Insulin is needed to carry glucose into the cells to be converted to energy. In Diabetes, the pancreas cannot secrete insulin and so, the body stores the glucose into fat cells. When the body needs energy, stored glucogen reverts to glucose for the cell's energy needs.
What enzyme does diabetes affect?
Diabetes prevents the production of the peptide hormone insulin. This hormone is necessary for glucose to cross the cell membrane to enter the cell. The cell needs glucose to make energy to work otherwise they will die even as the outside of the cell is full of glucose.
What does insulin do to blood glucose?
Insulin response comes about from receptor tyrosine kinase. When insulin binds to the alpha portion of the RTK, the receptors dimerize. This results to its beta intracellular portion to autophosphorylate. This creates a binding site for IRS-1. When IRS-1 is activated, it recruits glut-4 receptors, allowing glucose to be taken in from the blood (therefore blood conc. will fall under insulin)
What would you do to help a friend who had inadvertently taken an overdose of insulin?
Insulin works to lower blood-glucose levels by promoting uptake of glucose by cells which will use it to fuel cellular metabolism. Give them something to eat, preferrably something with plenty of sugar, like a candy bar!
What do we call the chemical that cells need to work and reproduce?
Cells need many chemicals, but perhaps you are thinking of DNA.
How is the level of sugar in vertebrate blood kept constant?
The blood sugar level is controlled mainly by two hormones.1.Insulin 2.Glucagon.Both hormones are secreted from Pancreas. When blood glucose level (sugar level) increases, Insulin is secreted from beta cells of islets of Langerhans in Pancreas. it increases the cellular uptake of glucose which in turn reduce the glucose level in the blood. When glucose level decreases in the blood, Alpha cells secrete Glucagon. It decrease the uptake of glucose by cells and increase glucose level.Over level of glucose also expelled through urine (Diabetes Mellitus)Mainly insulin & Glucagon are the controllers of blood glucose level.
How does insulin regulate blood sugar in your body?
Insulin is released by the pancreas, and serves two important functions in blood-glucose control. Firstly, it encourages muscle and liver cells to take glucose from the blood. This is all very well, but glucose is soluble in the cytoplasm, and this poses a problem for osmoregulation, in the cells, so insulin also stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen - an insoluble sugar, which can then be stored until it is needed for respiration by cells.
Which cells secrete insulin?
<liver cells, muscles cells but not nerve cells> You have to remember that under regular conditions the production of ATP is derived from glucose. Every cell needs ATP to function for that reason all cells in the body need glucose to function under regular conditions. Since insulin is the hormone that signals cells to take up glucose and glucose is needed to efficiently produce ATP it makes sense that virtually every cell in the body responds to insulin including nerve cells.
About Blood Glucose?
Blood glucose is a type of sugar that the body uses for energy The cells of the body, including the nervous system, can only use glucose for fuel. That's why the body has to break down the food that's ingested, whether they're sugars or starches, into glucose. The blood then transports the glucose to cells. Insulin When the glucose reaches the cells, a hormone called insulin changes it into energy that the cells can use right away or store for the future. It is crucial that this be done in the right way, because the body needs energy for every single function that it performs. The Process of Digestion The process begins in the mouth where saliva breaks down simple carbohydrates into glucose. More complex carbohydrates need to pass through more of the digestive system to be broken down into blood glucose. The food passes down the esophagus, which adds more secretions to it, then reaches the stomach where it's bathed in hydrochloric acid till it becomes a slurry called chyme. The chyme then passes into the small intestine, which will absorb most of the nutrients within the chyme. This can take over nine hours before what's left in the small intestine passes into the large intestine or the colon. The colon then absorbs water and other fluids. The digestive process can take about a day to the better part of a week. What Can Go Wrong Usually, converting food to glucose works well, but many people have problems with their blood sugar. Sometimes, the blood glucose is too high. Though food is broken down into glucose, there's not enough insulin to change it into the energy the body needs. This is called diabetes. The two main types of diabetes are non-insulin dependent and insulin dependent. The insulin dependent type of diabetes is now considered an autoimmune disease because the body destroys the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. In non-insulin type diabetes, the pancreas can still make insulin, but it's not used correctly. Another problem with blood glucose is a condition called hypoglycemia. This is where the blood glucose is too low. Interestingly, this can be a symptom of diabetes. Sometimes, people who are insulin dependent take too much insulin or take it at the wrong time. This causes their blood glucose to crash. The remedy for this condition is to quickly eat some sugar.
