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Because there were a couple of things observed that were inexplicable with classical physics, namely:

Blackbody radiation - Radiated energy doesn't continually increase as the frequency of the radiation increases. Classically, this relationship is given by the Rayleigh-Jeans Law, however, this law goes to infinity as frequency goes to infinity.

The Photoelectric Effect - The energy of electrons emitted from a surface when a light is shined on it had nothing to do with the light's intensity, just it's frequency.

Quantizing electromagnetic energy was the only way to explain these phenomena.

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Q: Why you need quantum mechanics or modern physics while classical physics existed already?
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