An anacrusis is the technical term for a pickup note. It's when
a phrase starts one note before a measure.
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An anacrusis is an incomplete measure at the beginning of a
piece, that is then completed at the end of the piece.
Ex: In a time signature of 4/4 if the first measure has 2 beats,
and the final measure has 2 beats, you have an anacrusis!
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The anacrusis prepares your ears for the next measure's
downbeat, and is therefore sometimes referred to as the upbeat. In
traditional notation, the amount of beats in the anacrusis is taken
out of the very last measure of the song to even out the
difference.