joint

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joint

end-lap, doweled, and spline joints (Clarinda/Academy Artworks)

1. 1. A place or part at which two or more things are joined.
   2. A way in which two or more things are joined: a mortise-and-tenon joint; flexible joints.
2. Anatomy.
   1. A point of articulation between two or more bones, especially such a connection that allows motion.
   2. A point in the exoskeleton of an invertebrate at which movable parts join, as along the leg of an arthropod.
3. Botany. An articulation on a fruit or stem, such as the node of a grass stem.
4. Geology. A fracture or crack in a rock mass along which no appreciable movement has occurred.
5. A large cut of meat for roasting.
6. Slang.
   1. A cheap or disreputable gathering place: "The tavern is . . . just a joint with Formica tables, a vinyl floor, lights over the mirrors" (Scott Turow).
   2. A building or dwelling.
   3. A prison. Often used with the.
7. Slang. A marijuana cigarette.
8. Vulgar Slang. A penis.

1. Shared by or common to two or more: our joint presence; a joint income-tax return.
2. Sharing with another or others: a joint tenant.
3. Formed or characterized by cooperation or united action: joint military maneuvers.
4. Involving both houses of a legislature: a joint session of Congress.
5. Law. Regarded as one legal body; united in identity of interest or liability.
6. Mathematics. Involving two or more variables.

1. To combine or attach with a joint or joints: securely jointed the sides of the drawer.
2. To provide or construct with joints: joint a boom on a crane.
3. To separate (meat) at the joints.

out of joint

1. Dislocated, as a bone.
2. InformalNot harmonious; inconsistent.Out of order; inauspicious or unsatisfactory.In bad spirits or humor; out of sorts.
   1. Not harmonious; inconsistent.
   1. Out of order; inauspicious or unsatisfactory.
   1. In bad spirits or humor; out of sorts.

[Middle English, from Old French, from past participle of joindre, to join. See join.]

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Section through a hip joint. The hip joint, a synovial joint, is of the ball-and-socket type, the … (credit: © Merriam-Webster Inc.)

Structure connecting two or more bones. Most joints, including synovial (fluid-containing) joints and those between vertebrae, which incorporate a disk, can move. Immovable joints include the sutures of the skull (see fontanel). Ligaments connect the bones of a joint, but muscles keep them in place. Joint disorders include various forms of arthritis, injuries (e.g., sprains, fractures, and dislocations), congenital disorders, and vitamin deficiencies.

For more information on joint, visit Britannica.com.

In general, a legal term describing a transaction in which two or more parties act together.

Investopedia Says:
For example, a joint account is a bank or brokerage account that is owned together (jointly) by two or more people.

noun

1. A point or position at which two or more things are joined: connection, coupling, junction, juncture, seam, union. See connect.
2. A disreputable or run-down bar or restaurant: Slang dive, honky-tonk. See good/bad.
3. A place for the confinement of persons in lawful detention: brig, house of correction, jail, keep, penitentiary, prison. Informal lockup, pen³. Slang big house, can, clink, cooler, coop, hoosegow, jug, pokey¹, slammer, stir². Chiefly Regional calaboose. See free/unfree.

adjective

Belonging to, shared by, or applicable to all alike: common, communal, conjoint, general, mutual, public. See group.

Definition: shared, combined
Antonyms: disjoint, individual, separate, single, uncombined, unshared

1. The space between adjacent surfaces (as between masonry units), or the place where two members or components are held together by nails, fasteners, cement, mortar, etc.
2. In steel construction, the area where two or more steel surfaces are attached; often characterized by the type of weld or fastener employed. Also see masonry joint and wood joint.

United; coupled together in interest; shared between two or more persons; not solitary in interest or action but acting together or in unison. A combined, undivided effort or undertaking involving two or more individuals. Produced by or involving the concurring action of two or more; united in or possessing a common relation, action, or interest. To share common rights, duties, and liabilities.

The site of the junction or union of two or more bones of the body. See also arthritis. The primary functions of joints are to provide motion and flexibility to the skeletal frame, or to allow growth.
Some joints are immovable, such as certain fixed joints where segments of bone are fused together in the skull. Other joints, such as those between the vertebrae, have extremely limited motion. However, most joints allow considerable motion.
Many joints have a complex internal structure. They are composed not merely of ends of bones but also of ligaments, which are tough whitish fibers binding the bones together; cartilage, which is connective tissue, covering and cushioning the bone ends; the articular capsule, a fibrous tissue that encloses the ends of the bones; and the synovial membrane, which lines the capsule and secretes a lubricating fluid (synovia).
Joints are classified by variations in structure that make different kinds of movement possible. The movable joints are usually subdivided into hinge, pivot, gliding, ball-and-socket, condyloid and saddle joints.
For a complete named list of joints in the body

• arthrodial j. — gliding joint.
• ball-and-socket j. — a synovial joint in which the rounded or spheroidal surface of one bone (‘ball’) moves within a cup-shaped depression (‘socket’) on another bone, allowing greater freedom of movement than any other type of joint. Called also spheroidal joint.
• biaxial j. — permits movement around two axes.
• cartilaginous j. — one in which the bones are united by cartilage, providing either slight flexible movement or allowing growth; it includes symphyses and synchondroses.
• condyloid j. — one in which an ovoid head of one bone moves in an elliptical cavity of another, permitting all movements except axial rotation. Called also condylar joint.
• congenital j. disease — see articular rigidity, joint hypermobility, arthrogryposis, contracture.
• j. contracture — see contracture.
• degenerative j. disease — a disease of the joints of all species and all ages but reaching a particularly high prevalence in pen-fed young bulls in which it is characterized by the sudden onset of lameness in a hindlimb, with pain and crepitus in the hip joint and rapid wasting of the muscles of the croup and thigh. There is a family predisposition to this degenerative arthropathy; it is exacerbated by a diet high in phosphorus and low in calcium and dense in energy so that the bull has a high body weight and is growing fast. The onset is acute and often precipitated by fighting or mating. The disease may not develop until 3 or 4 years of age in bulls that are reared at pasture. Called also coxofemoral arthropathy. See also hip dysplasia.
• diarthrodial j. — synovial joint.
• j. disease — see arthritis, arthropathy, joint-ill, ankylosis, articular rigidity.
• ellipsoid j. — circumference of the joint is an ellipse with the articular surfaces longer in one direction than the other.
• j. enlargement — includes arthritis, arthropathy, rickets.
• facet j's — the synovial joints of the vertebral column between the neural arches.
• fibrocartilaginous j. — a combination of fibrous and cartilaginous joints. Called also amphiarthrosis. Movement limited and variable.
• fibrous j. — one in which the bones are connected by fibrous tissue; it includes suture, syndesmosis and gomphosis.
• j. fixation — includes ankylosis, tendon contracture, arthrogryposis.
• fixed j. — see synarthrosis.
• flail j. — an unusually mobile joint.
• fleshy j. — see sarcoarthrosis.
• j. fusion — arthrodesis.
• ginglymus j. — see hinge joint (below).
• gliding j. — a synovial joint in which the opposed surfaces are flat or only slightly curved, so that the bones slide against each other in a simple and limited way. The synovial intervertebral joints are gliding joints, and many of the small bones of the carpus and tarsus meet in gliding joints. Called also arthrodial joint and plane joint.
• hinge j. — a synovial joint that allows movement in only one plane, through the presence of a pair of collateral ligaments that run on either side of the joint. Examples are the elbow and the interphalangeal joints of the digits. The jaw is primarily a hinge joint, but it can also move somewhat from side to side. The carpal and tarsal joints are hinge joints that also allow some rotary movement. Called also ginglymus.
• hip j. — the joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone; loosely called hip.
• hyaline cartilage j. — see cartilaginous joint (above).
• j. hyperextension — joint can be extended beyond the normal position.
• j. hypermobility — usually a congenital defect with all joints affected. Degree varies from extreme, in which limbs can be tied in knots and animal unable to stand, to mild, in which the patient is able to walk but the gait is abnormal. There may be additional defects such as pink teeth lacking enamel and dermatosparaxis (hyperelastosis cutis). See also hereditary collagen dysplasia.
• knee j. — 1. the joint between the femur and tibia, fibula and patella.
— 2. in large ungulates the compound joint between the radius, ulna, carpus and metacarpus.
• j. mouse — fragments of cartilage or bone that lie free in the joint space. See also joint mouse.
• osseous j. — inflexible joint composed of bone; called also synostosis.
• pivot j. — a joint in which one bone pivots within a bony or an osseoligamentous ring, allowing only rotary movement; an example is the joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae (the atlas and axis).
• plane j. — see gliding joint (above).
• j. receptors — sensory nerve endings capable of detecting the position or angle of the joint.
• saddle j. — the articulating surfaces are reciprocally saddle-shaped and permit movement of all kinds, though not rotation, e.g. interphalangeal joints in the dog.
• spheroidal j. — see ball-and-socket joint (above).
• synarthrodial j. — a fixed joint.
• synovial j. — a specialized form of articulation permitting more or less free movement, the union of the bony elements being surrounded by an articular capsule enclosing a cavity lined by synovial membrane. Called also diarthrosis and diarthrodial joint.
• trochoid j. — see pivot joint (above).
• uniaxial j. — permits movement in one direction only.

(DOD) Connotes activities, operations, organizations, etc., in which elements of two or more Military Departments participate.

For other uses, see Joint (disambiguation).

A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact.^[1] They are constructed to allow movement and provide mechanical support, and are classified structurally and functionally.^[2]

Contents 1 Classification 1.1 Structural classification 1.2 Functional classification 1.3 Biomechanical classification 1.4 Anatomical 2 Arthritis 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

Classification

Depiction of an intervertebral disk, a cartilaginous joint.

Diagram of a synovial (diarthrosis) joint.

Joints are mainly classified structurally and functionally. Structural classification is determined by how the bones connect to each other, while functional classification is determined by the degree of movement between the articulating bones. In practice, there is significant overlap between the two types of classifications.

Terms ending in the suffix -sis are singular and refer to just one joint, while -ses is the suffix for pluralization.

Structural classification

Structural classification names and divides joints according to how the bones are connected to each other.^[3] There are three structural classifications of joints:

• fibrous joint - joined by fibrous connective tissue
• cartilaginous joint - joined by cartilage
• synovial joint - not directly joined

Functional classification

Joints can also be classified functionally, by the degree of mobility they allow:^[4]

• synarthrosis - permits little or no mobility. Most synarthrosis joints are fibrous joints (eg The Skull).
• amphiarthrosis - permits slight mobility. Most amphiarthrosis joints are cartilaginous joints (eg. Vertebrae).
• diarthrosis - permits a variety of movements. All diarthrosis joints are synovial joints (eg. Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee etc), and the terms "diarthrosis" and "synovial joint" are considered equivalent by Terminologia Anatomica.^[5]

Biomechanical classification

Joints can also be classified based on their anatomy or on their biomechanical properties. According to the anatomic classification, joints are subdivided into simple and compound, depending on the number of bones involved, and into complex and combination joints:^[6]

1. Simple Joint: 2 articulation surfaces (eg. shoulder joint, hip joint)
2. Compound Joint: 3 or more articulation surfaces (eg. radiocarpal joint)
3. Complex Joint: 2 or more articulation surfaces and an articular disc or meniscus (eg. knee joint)

Anatomical

The joints may be classified anatomically into the following groups:

1. Articulations of hand
2. Elbow joints
3. Wrist joints
4. Axillary articulations
5. Sternoclavicular joints
6. Vertebral articulations
7. Temporomandibular joints
8. Sacroiliac joints
9. Hip joints
10. Knee joints
11. Articulations of foot

Arthritis

Main article: Arthritis

Arthritis and direct physical trauma to a joint are the causes of joint damage. Arthritis is a group of conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body. Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in people over the age of 55.

There are many different forms of arthritis, each of which has a different cause. The most common form of arthritis, osteoarthritis (also known as degenerative joint disease) occurs following trauma to the joint, following an infection of the joint or simply as a result of aging. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that abnormal anatomy may contribute to early development of osteoarthritis. Other forms of arthritis are rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, which are autoimmune diseases in which the body is attacking itself. Septic arthritis is caused by joint infection. Gouty arthritis is caused by deposition of uric acid crystals in the joint that results in subsequent inflammation. Additionally, there is a less common form of gout that is caused by the formation of rhomboidal shaped crystals of calcium pyrophosphate. This form of gout is known as pseudogout.

See also

• Arthrology
• Kinesiology
• Ligament
• Replacement joint

References

1. ^ joint at eMedicine Dictionary^{[dead link]}
2. ^ Ellis, Harold; Susan Standring; Gray, Henry David (2005). Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. pp. 38. ISBN 0-443-07168-3. 
3. ^ "Introduction to Joints (3)". anatomy.med.umich.edu. http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/modules/joints_module/joints_03.html. Retrieved 2008-01-29. 
4. ^ "Introduction to Joints (2)". anatomy.med.umich.edu. http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/modules/joints_module/joints_02.html. Retrieved 2008-01-29. 
5. ^ synovial joint at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
6. ^ "Introductory Anatomy: Joints". http://www.leeds.ac.uk/chb/lectures/anatomy4.html. Retrieved 2008-01-29. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: joints

• Illustration of synovial joints at shockfamily.net
• Synovial joints Illustrations and Classification

v • d • e Joints (TA A03.0, GA 3.284) Types fibrous: Gomphosis · Suture · Syndesmosis · Interosseous membrane cartilaginous: Synchondrosis · Symphysis synovial: Plane joint · 1° (Hinge joint, Pivot joint) · 2° (Condyloid joint, Saddle joint) · 3° (Ball and socket joint) by range of motion: Synarthrosis · Amphiarthrosis · Diarthrosis Terminology Kinesiology · Anatomical terms of motion · Agonist/Antagonist Motions general: Flexion/Extension · Adduction/Abduction · Internal rotation/External rotation · Elevation/Depression specialized/upper limbs: Protraction/Retraction · Supination/Pronation specialized/lower limbs: Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion · Eversion/Inversion Components capsular: Articular capsule (Synovial membrane, Fibrous membrane) · Synovial fluid · Synovial bursa · Articular disk/Meniscus extracapsular: Ligament · Enthesis joint navs: anat, non-congenital arthropathies/deformities/dorsopathies/soft tissue arthropathy/congenital, eponymous signs, proc

v • d • e Bones of head and neck, joints: cranial fibrous joints (A03.1.01-03, GA 2.178-199) Cranial sutures Cranial: frontoethmoidal · frontal or metopic (frontal/frontal) · coronal (frontal/parietal) · occipitomastoid (occipital/temporal) · lambdoid (parietal/temporal) · sagittal (parietal/parietal) · sphenoethmoidal · sphenofrontal · sphenoparietal · sphenosquamosal (sphenoid/temporal) · sphenopetrosal (sphenoid/temporal) · squamosal (temporal/parietal) · petrosquamous (temporal/temporal) Facial: palatomaxillary suture Cranial–facial: sphenozygomatic · zygomaticotemporal · zygomaticofrontal Cranial syndesmoses Pterygospinous ligament · Stylohyoid ligament Dento-alveolar syndesmosis Gomphosis

v • d • e Joints and ligaments of head and neck (TA A03.1.03-08, GA 3.287) Temporomandibular capsule · articular disk lateral (temporomandibular ligament) · medial (sphenomandibular ligament, stylomandibular ligament) Atlanto-occipital capsule · membranes (anterior atlantoöccipital membrane · posterior atlantoöccipital membrane)

v • d • e Joints and ligaments of torso (TA A03.02-04, GA 3.299) Vertebral column Syndesmosis articulations of vertebral bodies: anterior longitudinal ligament · posterior longitudinal ligament articulations of vertebral arches: ligamenta flava · supraspinous ligament (nuchal ligament) · interspinal ligament · intertransverse ligament Synchondrosis intervertebral disc (annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus) Synovial joint Atlanto-axial (lat + med) capsule · atlantoaxial ligaments (anterior, posterior) · Cruciate ligament of atlas (Transverse ligament of atlas) Alar ligament · Apical ligament of dens · Tectorial membrane of atlanto-axial joint Zygapophysial no ligaments Lumbosacral iliolumbar ligament Sacrococcygeal anterior sacrococcygeal ligament · posterior sacrococcygeal ligament Thorax Costovertebral articulation of head of rib: radiate ligament · interarticular ligament costotransverse: Lumbocostal ligament Sternocostal interarticular sternocostal ligament · radiate sternocostal ligaments · costoxiphoid ligaments Interchondral no ligaments Costochondral no ligaments Pelvis Syndesmoses of pelvic girdle Obturator membrane · Obturator canal Pubic symphysis superior pubic ligament · inferior pubic ligament Sacroiliac anterior sacroiliac ligament · posterior sacroiliac ligament · interosseous sacroiliac ligament ligaments connecting the sacrum and ischium: sacrotuberous ligament · sacrospinous ligament Greater sciatic foramen · Lesser sciatic foramen

v • d • e Joints and ligaments of upper limbs (TA A03.5, GA 3.313) Shoulder Sternoclavicular Anterior sternoclavicular · Posterior sternoclavicular · Interclavicular · Costoclavicular Acromioclavicular Acromioclavicular · Coracoclavicular (trapezoid, conoid) · Coracoacromial · Superior transverse scapular · Inferior transverse of scapula Glenohumeral Coracohumeral · Glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior) · Transverse humeral · Glenoid labrum Elbow Humeroradial Radial collateral Humeroulnar Ulnar collateral Proximal radioulnar Anular · Oblique cord Forearm Distal radioulnar Volar radioulnar · Dorsal radioulnar Wrist/radiocarpal Palmar radiocarpal · Dorsal radiocarpal · Palmar ulnocarpal · Ulnar collateral · Radial collateral Other Interosseous membrane of forearm Hand Intercarpal, midcarpal Pisohamate · Scapholunate Carpometacarpal Dorsal carpometacarpal · Palmar carpometacarpal (pisometacarpal) Intermetacarpal Deep transverse metacarpal · Superficial transverse metacarpal Metacarpophalangeal Palmar · Collateral Interphalangeal Palmar · Collateral Other Carpal tunnel · Ulnar canal

v • d • e Joints and ligaments of lower limbs (TA A03.6, GA 3.333) Coxal/hip femoral (iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral) · head of femur · transverse acetabular Knee-joint extracapsular: patellar · popliteal (oblique, arcuate) · collateral (medial/tibial, fibular/lateral) intracapsular: cruciate (anterior, posterior) · menisci (medial, lateral) · transverse Tibiofibular Superior tibiofibular anterior of the head of the fibula · posterior of the head of the fibula Inferior tibiofibular anterior of the lateral malleolus · posterior of the lateral malleolus other Interosseous membrane of leg Talocrural/ankle medial: medial of talocrural joint/deltoid (anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular) lateral: lateral collateral of ankle joint (anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular) Foot Subtalar/talocalcaneal anterior/posterior · lateral/medial · interosseous Transverse tarsal Talocalcaneonavicular dorsal talonavicular · plantar calcaneonavicular/spring · bifurcated (calcaneonavicular) Calcaneocuboid dorsal calcaneocuboid · long plantar · plantar calcaneocuboid · bifurcated (calcaneocuboid) Distal intertarsal Cuneonavicular plantar · dorsal Cuboideonavicular plantar · dorsal Intercuneiform plantar · dorsal · interosseous Other Tarsometatarsal/Lisfranc plantar · dorsal Intermetatarsal/metatarsal plantar · dorsal · interosseous · superficial transverse · deep transverse Metatarsophalangeal plantar · collateral Interphalangeal plantar · collateral Arches Longitudinal · Transverse

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
n. - led, sammenføjning, samling, knudepunkt, forbindelse, samlingssted, snask, cigaret med cannabis
adj. - fælles, samlet, forenet
v. tr. - sammenføje, samle, ledforbinde

idioms:

• ball-and-socket joint    kugleled
• division of the joint    bodeling
• joint account    fælles konto
• joint and several    solidarisk
• mortise and tenon joint    samling ved taphul, samling ved not, samling ved fals
• out of joint    til side, ude af led
• put someone's nose out of joint    skubbe nogen til side

Nederlands (Dutch)
verbinding(sstuk), gewricht, voeg, braadstuk, tent (club), stickie, (stengel)knoop, rotsspleet, bewegend deel van boekrug, bajes, gezamenlijk, mede-, verbindingen aanbrengen, opsnijden en verdelen (vlees), voegen, effen maken met schaaf kogelgewricht pen-en-gatver- binding

Français (French)
n. - (Anat) articulation, articulation, jointure, joint, (Géol) diaclase, (GB) rôti, boîte, boîte de nuit, bistrot mal famé, tripot
adj. - commun, conjugué, réuni, (US, Pol) commission interparlementaire
v. tr. - (GB, Culin) découper (aux jointures), joindre, articuler, emboîter

idioms:

• ball-and-socket joint    articulation mobile
• division of the joint    séparation des biens (lors d'un divorce)
• joint account    compte joint
• joint and several    caution solidaire
• mortise and tenon joint    assemblage par tenon et mortaise
• out of joint    se démettre, se disloquer/se déboîter (une articulation)
• put someone's nose out of joint    être dépité

Deutsch (German)
n. - Braten, Gelenk, Naht, Laden, Joint (Marihuana-Zigarette)
adj. - gemeinsam, (Wirtsch.) Joint(venture)
v. - verbinden, zerlegen

idioms:

• ball-and-socket joint    Kugelgelenk
• division of the joint    Auseinandersetzung
• joint account    gemeinsames Konto
• joint and several    gesamtschuldnerisch
• mortise and tenon joint    Verzapfung, Zapfenverbindung
• out of joint    ausgerenkt
• put someone's nose out of joint    jmdn. vor den Kopf stoßen

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - αρμός, (συν)άρθρωση, (ανατ.) άρθρωση, κομμάτι κρέατος, καταγώγιο, τρώγλη, στέκι, τσιγάρο μαριχουάνας
adj. - κοινός, ομαδικός, συνδυασμένος, συντονισμένος

idioms:

• ball-and-socket joint    σφαιρική άρθρωση
• division of the joint    διανομή της κοινής περιουσίας (μετά από διαζύγιο)
• joint account    (οικον.) κοινός (τραπεζικός) λογαριασμός
• joint and several    αλληλέγγυος
• mortise and tenon joint    ένωση με δόντι και σκάτσα
• out of joint    εξαρθρωμένος
• put someone's nose out of joint    υποκαθιστώ, εκτοπίζω (κάποιον από τη συμπάθεια τρίτου), ματαιώνω (σχέδια)

Italiano (Italian)
carne per arrosto, articolazione, cucitura, giuntura, sigaretta di marijuana, comune, unito

idioms:

• ball-and-socket joint    articolazione
• division of the joint    separazione dei beni
• joint account    conto congiunto
• joint and several    insieme e separatamente (formula usata in accordi/contratti)
• mortise and tenon joint    lucchetto a incastro
• out of joint    sconnesso, fuori posto
• put someone's nose out of joint    scombussolare qualcuno, far inquietare/offendere qualcuno

Português (Portuguese)
n. - junta (f), junção (f), encaixe (m), espelunca (f) (gír.), baseado (m) (gír.)
adj. - unido, associado

idioms:

• ball-and-socket joint    articulação (f)
• division of the joint    divisão da junta
• joint account    conta (f) conjunta
• joint and several    solidário e individual (Jur.)
• mortise and tenon joint    junta (f) de marcenaria
• out of joint    deslocado, desencaixado
• put someone's nose out of joint    importunar, aborrecer alguém (desviando a atenção de todos)

Русский (Russian)
сочленение, место соединения, окорок, шарнир, сустав, объединенный, совместный, солидарный, суставной, соединять, связывать, расчленять

idioms:

• ball-and-socket joint    шаровой шарнир
• division of the joint    раздел совместного имущества при разводе
• joint account    общий счет
• joint and several    (ответственность) совместно и порознь
• mortise and tenon joint    соединение шипом в гнездо
• out of joint    пришедший в расстройство, неподобающий, вывихнутый
• put someone's nose out of joint    подорвать чей-л. авторитет у кого-л.

Español (Spanish)
n. - corte para asar, articulación, coyuntura, junta, costura, juntura, bisagra, porro, colectivo
adj. - unido, en común, junto, combinado, mancomunado, conjunto, colectivo
v. tr. - acoplar, juntar con ensambles, descuartizar (pollo, pato, etc.), cortar (carne), articular, unir con articulación

idioms:

• ball-and-socket joint    articulación esférica
• division of the joint    partición de la herencia, separación de los bienes
• joint account    cuenta conjunta, cuenta mancomunada
• joint and several    mancomunada y solidariamente
• mortise and tenon joint    unión de caja y espiga
• out of joint    descoyuntado, dislocado, desencajado
• put someone's nose out of joint    hacer sentir inferior a uno, hacer que alguien se moleste o se ofenda

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - sammanfogning, fog, skarv, sylta, stek, marijuanacigarrett
adj. - förenad, förbunden, med-, gemensam, sam-

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
连接处, 关节, 接合, 共同的, 连接的, 联合的, 连接, 使有接头

idioms:

• ball-and-socket joint    球状关节, 杵臼关节
• joint account    两人共有之银行帐户
• joint and several    共同和各别的
• mortise and tenon joint    榫眼和凸榫
• out of joint    脱节, 脱臼
• put someone's nose out of joint    打乱某人的计划

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 連接處, 關節, 接合
adj. - 共同的, 連接的, 聯合的
v. tr. - 連接, 使有接頭, 接合

idioms:

• ball-and-socket joint    球狀關節, 杵臼關節
• joint account    兩人共有之銀行帳戶
• joint and several    共同和各別的
• mortise and tenon joint    榫眼和凸榫
• out of joint    脫節, 脫臼
• put someone's nose out of joint    打亂某人的計劃

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 접합부분, 관절 , 풍기 문란한 장소
adj. - 공통의, 공유의
v. tr. - 접합하다, 잇다, 마디로 잘라 나누다

idioms:

• put someone's nose out of joint    남의 자리를 가로채다, 콧대를 꺾다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 接合, 接合箇所, 継ぎ目, 継ぎ手, 関節, ふし
v. - 継ぎ合わせる, 目地塗りする, 継ぎ目で分ける, 大切り身に切る, ぴったりと合体する, 節を生ずる, 接合する
adj. - 共同の, 共有の

idioms:

• ball-and-socket joint    玉継ぎ手, ボールソケット形軸継手, 球窩関節
• joint account    共同預金口座
• joint and several    共同かつ個々
• out of joint    関節が外れて, 調子が狂って

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) وصله, مفصل, قطعه لحم, قهوة او بار (صفه) مشترك, شائع وصله كرويه شكل اتصال الشجر‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮חיבור, מקום חיבור, מפרק, חוליה, נתח בשר, מאורת קלפים, סיגריית חשיש, בקיע בסלע, סיגריית מריחואנה, מקום מפגש לשם שתייה, מועדון לילה זול, חומר גמיש ממנו עשוי גב הספר‬
adj. - ‮של שני אנשים או יותר‬
v. tr. - ‮חיבר במפרקים, התקין מפרקים, חילק (בשר) לנתחים, שייך ליותר מאדם אחד, שותפים לאותה פעולה‬

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