Prayers - Evening - Mariv for the begining of Shabbat, morning - Shacharit, additional, Musaff and Mincha - miday are said from the Siddur - prayer book.

Shacharit starts with preliminary prayers on rising the first being Modei Ani - giving thanks for restoring one's soul, washing the hands for sanctification and rolls through prayers of praise for G-d, the pre-amble to the Shema - the proclimation of G-d being one, the silent prayer - the Amidah - were eighteen individual prayers are said in silence to G-d, the verbal repetition, the reading of the weekly portion of the Torah and the concluding prayers. Additional prayers are said for healing of the sick, deliverance from danger, a new life and for mourners - Kadish.

The others are more limited repetitions of the same things.

The tallit is a shawl traditionally made of wool (though other materials can be used, a mixture of wool and linen - prohibited in the Torah - is never used) with tasseled fringes known as tzitzit (traditionally, there are 613 tassels - a reminder of the 613 Mitzvot or commandments found in the Torah). It is worn by male Jews during the Shacharit morning prayers and Shabbat (Sabbath) and religious holiday prayers.

In modern times, some women have also adopted the wearing of the tallit, especially those who are members of Liberal or Progressive synagogues or feminist Jewish organisations.

Orthodox Jews go to shul (synagogue) three times a day. Once for Shacharit (morning services), once for Mincha (afternoon prayer), and once for Maariv (evening prayer). On Shabbos, Festivals, and the beginning of each new month, a fourth prayer is added: Mussaf. On Yom Kippur, there are five prayers. The last once on Yom Kippur is called Ne'ila.

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That is not easy to answer. Some prayers (Pesukai deZimrah and Birchos Kerias Shema) are said sitting, and some (Baruch She'amar, Shemoneh Esrei and others) are said standing. Some are recited only by one person (Torah-reading, Chazras HaShatz), some are said by a portion of the people (Birkas Kohanim, Yizkor), and some are said by everyone. Some are said aloud (Shema, Amen, Vezos HaTorah), some are said quietly (Baruch Shem Kevod, Shemonah Esrei) and some are sung (Lecha Dodi, El Adon). Some require a quorum (Kaddish, Barechu). Some are said every day, some weekly, some on Sheni VeChamishi, and some on various occasions.

Browsing through an annotated siddur (such as the Birnbaum prayerbook) should help. Generally, other people in the shul (synagogue) will be gracious and helpful to a newcomer.