North Vietnam

"DRV" redirects here. For the Wikipedia use of "DRV", see .

Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa Democratic Republic of Vietnam ← 1945 – 1976 → Flag Coat of arms Anthem Tiến Quân Ca (Army March) Location of North Vietnam Capital Hanoi Language(s) Vietnamese Government Socialist republic First president Ho Chi Minh Historical era Cold War  - Independence declared (from Japan) September 2, 1945  - Recognized 1954  - Dissolution July 2, 1976 Area  km² ( sq mi) Population  -  est.        Density  /km²  ( /sq mi) Currency đồng

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Hồ Chí Minh in Hà nội on September 2, 1945 with a declaration of independence, following the August Revolution, as a provisional government. It gathered Tonkin and Annam, provinces of the French Indochina.

Partition of Indochina

Further information: First Indochina War, Operation Passage to Freedom, and Geneva Conference (1954)

History of Việt Nam

Hồng Bàng Dynasty (c. 2880–258 BC) Thục Dynasty (257–207 BC) First Chinese domination (207 BC–39 AD) Triệu Dynasty (207–111 BC) Trưng Sisters (40–43) Second Chinese domination (43–544) Lady Triệu's Rebellion (248) Anterior Lý Dynasty and Triệu Việt Vương (544–602) Third Chinese domination (602–905) Mai Hắc Đế (722) Phùng Hưng (791–798) Autonomy (905–938) Khúc Family (906–930) Dương Đình Nghệ (931–937) Kiều Công Tiễn (937–938) Ngô Dynasty (939–967) The upheavals of Twelve warlords (966–968) Đinh Dynasty (968–980) Prior Lê Dynasty (980–1009) Lý Dynasty (1009–1225) Trần Dynasty (1225–1400) Hồ Dynasty (1400–1407) Fourth Chinese domination (1407–1427) Posterior Trần Dynasty (1407–1413) Lam Sơn Rebellion (1418–1427) Later Lê Dynasty (1428–1788) Early Lê (1428–1527) Restored Lê (1533–1788) Mạc Dynasty (1527–1592) Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1627–1673) Tây Sơn Dynasty (1778–1802) Nguyễn Dynasty (1802–1945) New Imperialism (1887–1945) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945–1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1976) State of Vietnam (1949–1955) Republic of Vietnam (1955–1975) Republic of South Vietnam (1969–1976) Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List of Vietnamese monarchs

Following the partition of Vietnam in 1954, thousands of Vietnamese migrated to either the North and to the South. For example, an estimated 800,000 Catholics moved south. ^[1] The Catholic migration is attributed to perceived persecution of Catholics by the North Vietnamese government, as well as scare campaigns employed by the Saigon government of the Catholic Ngo Dinh Diem. ^[2] Concurrently, an estimated 130,000 people fled South Việtnam for the North.^[3]

Between 1953 and 1956, the DRVN government instituted various agrarian reforms, including land redistribution. Large landowners were publicly denounced as landlords (địa chủ), and their land distributed to poor and middle peasants.

[i]Even a Soviet study of September 1957 conceded that before North Vietnamese land reform the average landlord in North Vietnam owned less than 0.65 hectares of rice land, or less than two acres. For the crime of owning such tiny holdings, thousands of North Vietnamese were denounced and shot.[/i] ([i]Vietnam: The Necessary War[/i], Michael Lind, p.153; See also: [i]Last Reflections on a War[/i], Bernard Fall p.94).

A literary movement called Nhân văn-Giai phẩm (from the names of the two magazines which started the movement) attempted to encourage the democratization of the country and the free expression of thought.

International relations

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) capital was Hànội and its government was led by the left-nationalist Vietnam Workers' Party, which had been formed in opposition to foreign (French, Japanese, returning French, and then United States) neo-colonialism and occupation.

In December 1960, the Vietnam Workers' Party co-initiated and began working within the National Liberation Front of South Việtnam (referred to by the neo-colonial government as the Việt Cộng) which organized in support of reunification and in opposition to the U.S. sponsored government of South Việtnam. After August 1964, this was expanded to armed opposition to the occupation by the United States.^[4] From at least 1965 onwards, both China and the Soviet Union provided aid to North Việtnam in support of its defense; known in the West as the Vietnam War and in Vietnam as the American War.

In June 1969, the independence movement in the South formed a Provisional Revolutionary Government in order to present an organized alternative government, especially internationally.^[5]

In addition to the NLF, anti-imperialist insurgencies also operated within neighboring Laos and Cambodia, both formerly part of the French colonial territory of Indochina.

The Fall of Saigon

With the fall of Sàigòn to National Liberation Front and regular North Vietnamese armed forces on April 30, 1975, political authority within South Việtnam was assumed by the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam. This government merged with Democratic Republic of Việtnam on July 2, 1976, to form a single nation officially called the Socialist Republic of Việtnam (Cộng Hoà Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam), or more commonly known as Việt Nam.

Indochina 1886.

References

See also

• August Revolution
• Vietnam
• Flag of North Vietnam
• South Vietnam
• Indochina Wars
• Hồ Chí Minh
• Socialist State
• People's Army of Vietnam
• Northern and southern Vietnam

External links

• Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

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