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overburden

 
Dictionary: o·ver·bur·den   (ō'vər-bûr'dn) pronunciation
Home > Library > Literature & Language > Dictionary
tr.v., -dened, -den·ing, -dens.
  1. To burden with too much weight; overload.
  2. To subject to an excessive burden or strain; overtax.
n. (ō'vər-bûr'dn)
  1. An excessive burden; an overload.
  2. Geology.
    1. Material overlying a useful mineral deposit.
    2. Sedimentary rock covering older crystalline layers.
  3. Archaeology. A sterile stratum overlying a stratum bearing traces of the culture being studied.

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Geography Dictionary: overburden
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The layer of rock and soil overlying a particular rock stratum. See opencast mining.

Architecture: overburden
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1. The entire thickness of soil over rock or over a specific bearing stratum. 2. An undesirable top layer covering rock, gravel, or other useful material wanted for construction.

Wikipedia: Overburden
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Overburden is the term used in mining and archaeology to describe material that lies above the area of economic or scientific interest, e.g., the rock, soil and ecosystem that lies above the coal seam or ore body. It is also known as 'waste'. Overburden is distinct from tailings, the material that remains after economically valuable components have been extracted from the generally finely milled ore. Overburden is removed during surface mining, but is typically not contaminated with toxic components and may be used to restore an exhausted mining site to a semblance of its appearance before mining began.[1] Overburden may also be used as a term to describe all soil and ancillary material above the bedrock horizon in a given area.

A related term is interburden, meaning material that lies between two areas of economic interest, such as the material separating coal seams within strata.[2][3]

By analogy, overburden is also used to describe the soil and other material that lies above a specific geologic feature, such as a buried astrobleme.

Notes

  1. ^ Kogel, Jessica Elzea (editor) (2006) Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses (7th edition) Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (U.S.), Littleton, Colorado, page 379, ISBN 0-87335-233-5
  2. ^ United States Bureau of Mines (1980) Selective Interburden Handling Techniques National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, OCLC 42983831
  3. ^ Peng, Syd S. (1986) Coal Mine Ground Control‎ (2nd edition), Wiley, New York, page 303, ISBN 0-471-82171-3

References

  • Bates, R.L., and Jackson, J.A., (1987) Glossary of geology American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Virginia.
  • Haering, K. C.; Daniels W. L. and Roberts J. A. (1993) "Changes in mine soil properties resulting from overburden weathering" Journal of environmental quality 22(1): pp. 194-200.
  • McFee, W.W.; Byrnes, W.R. and Stockton, J.G. (1981) "Characteristics of coal mine overburden important to plant growth" Journal of environmental quality 10(3): pp. 300-308.
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Translations: Overburden
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Dansk (Danish)
v. tr. - overlæsse, overbebyrde
n. - overliggende lag

Nederlands (Dutch)
(zich) overbelasten, overladen, zware last, dekkende rots laag

Français (French)
v. tr. - surcharger, accabler
n. - (fig) fardeau, surcharge de

Deutsch (German)
v. - überlasten, überschütten
n. - Überlastung

Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - παραφορτώνω, υπερφορτώνω

Italiano (Italian)
sovraccarico

Português (Portuguese)
v. - sobrecarregar

Русский (Russian)
угнетать, подавлять, непосильная ноша, верхние отложения

Español (Spanish)
v. tr. - sobrecargar, agobiar
n. - sobrecargo, agobio

Svenska (Swedish)
v. - belasta för tungt

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
装载过多, 使过劳, 负担过多, 过重的负担

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
v. tr. - 裝載過多, 使過勞, 負擔過多
n. - 過重的負擔

한국어 (Korean)
v. tr. - 너무 싣다, 과로 시키다
n. - 너무 무거운 짐, 지나친 부담

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 重すぎる荷物, 重荷, 表土
v. - 積みすぎる, 過重労働させる, 負わせすぎる

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(فعل) يثقل على‏

עברית (Hebrew)
v. tr. - ‮העמיס יותר מדי‬
n. - ‮עומס-יתר, סלע שיש לסלקו כדי להגיע למחצב‬

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Copyrights:

Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Geography Dictionary. A Dictionary of Geography. Copyright © Susan Mayhew 1992, 1997, 2004. All rights reserved.  Read more
Architecture. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. Copyright © 2003 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Overburden".  Read more
Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.  Read more