n.
- The condition of having given birth.
- The number of children borne by one woman.
[Latin parere, to give birth, bring forth + -ITY.]
parity
Dictionary:
par·i·ty2 (păr'ĭ-tē) 
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n.
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Computer Desktop Encyclopedia:
RAID |
(Redundant Array of Independent Disks) A disk subsystem that increases performance or provides fault tolerance or both. RAID uses two or more hard drives and a RAID controller, which is plugged into motherboards that do not have built-in RAID circuits. Today, most motherboards have RAID built in. In the past, RAID was also accomplished by software only, but was much slower. In the late 1980s, the "I" in RAID stood for "inexpensive," but was later changed to "independent."
In large storage area networks (SANs), floor-standing RAID units are common with terabytes of storage and huge amounts of cache memory. RAID is also used in desktop computers by gamers for speed and by business users for reliability. Following are the various RAID configurations. See
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RAID 0 - Disk Striping for Performance (Popular)
Widely used for gaming, disk striping interleaves data across multiple drives for performance. However, there are no safeguards against failure.
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RAID 1 - Mirroring for Fault Tolerance (Popular)
Widely used, mirroring writes two drives at the same time so that data are duplicated. It provides the highest reliability, but doubles the number of drives needed.
RAID 10 (RAID 1+0)
RAID 10 combines RAID 1 and RAID 0. Drives are mirrored for fault tolerance (RAID 1) and striped for performance (RAID 0). For more speed, RAID 100 combines RAID 10 and 0. It adds a layer of striping (RAID 0) on top of two or more RAID 10 configurations.
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RAID 3 - Speed and Fault Tolerance
Data are striped across three or more drives. Used to achieve the highest data transfer because all drives operate in parallel. Using byte level striping, parity bits are stored on separate, dedicated drives. Similar to RAID 3, RAID 4 uses block level striping, but is not as popular. For more on parity computations, see RAID parity.
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RAID 5 - Speed and Fault Tolerance (Popular)
Data are striped across three or more drives for performance, and parity bits are used for fault tolerance. The parity bits from two drives are stored on a third drive and are interspersed with user data. RAID 5 is widely used in servers.
RAID 6 - Speed and Fault Tolerance
Similar to RAID 5 but performs two parity computations or the same computation on overlapping subsets of the data. Highest reliability because it can recover from two failed disks, but not widely used.
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Medical Dictionary:
par·i·ty |
(păr'ĭ-tē)
n.
n.
The state of having given birth to an infant or infants.
Wikipedia:
Parity (medicine) |
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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2008) |
- For other uses of the term in other fields, see parity.
In medicine, parity is a technical term that refers to the number of times a woman or female animal has given birth to a fetus.[1]
It can lead to some ambiguity for events occurring between 20 and 24 weeks,[2] and for multiple pregnancies.[3]
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Contents
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Enumeration
A woman who has given birth a particular number of times is referred to as para 0, para 1, para 2, para 3 and so on.
- A woman who has never completed a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks is referred to as being nulliparous, a nullipara or para 0. [4]
- A woman in her first pregnancy can also be referred to as being primipara which can be shortened to primip.
- Biparous or bipara are sometimes used as synonyms for para 2.
- A woman who has given birth two or more times is referred to as multiparous or just as a multip. The term multiparous can also describe a birth of more than one offspring at once, in contrast to a uniparous birth of one offspring.
- Grand multipara refers to a (grand multiparous) woman who has given birth five or more times.
TPAL
Parity is recorded in the format, T-P-A-L:
- T
- is the number of term births (twins and other multiple births count as 1). Term births are those occurring at 37 weeks or beyond.
- P
- is the number preterm births (twins and other multiple births count as 1). Preterm births are those that occur before 37 weeks.
- A
- is the number of abortions (spontaneous or induced).
- L
- is the number of living children.
For example, parity of a woman who has given birth at term once and has had one miscarriage would be recorded as P 1-0-1-1. This notation is not standardized and can lead to misinterpretations. [4]
References
- ^ "Gravidity and Parity Definitions (and their Implications in Risk Assessment) | Doctor | Patient UK". http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Gravidity-and-Parity-Definitions.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-16.
- ^ Creinin MD, Simhan HN (March 2009). "Can we communicate gravidity and parity better?". Obstet Gynecol 113 (3): 709–11. doi:. PMID 19300338. http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0029-7844&volume=113&issue=3&spage=709.
- ^ Opara EI, Zaidi J (October 2007). "The interpretation and clinical application of the word 'parity': a survey". BJOG 114 (10): 1295–7. doi:. PMID 17877683.
- ^ a b F. Gary Cunningham, 2005. Williams Obstetrics, 22nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies.
See also
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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- orbital parity (quantum mechanics)
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- omniparity
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- longitudinal parity check (communications)
- phi meson (particle physics)
