Without germinating the seed it is fairly difficult to see if the seed is alive. One method is x-rays, expensive and not very practical.
The second method is easy, but not 100% reliable; this is to put the seeds into water. If the seed sinks then it still contains an embryo and is viable, normally if the embryo is dead, it will dry up leaving a cavity within the seed - in which case the seed floats.
There are obviously exceptions such as water dispersed seeds - like the coconut which are "designed" to float