be larger than Alpha Centauri and farther away from Earth
Proxima Centauri, at about 4 light years, is the closest star after the Sun, followed immediately by the binary stars Alpha Centauri A and B. Proxima Centauri is thought to orbit the Alpha Centauri system in an extremely wide orbit. Theoretically there could be some as-yet-undiscovered small red dwarf or brown dwarf closer to the Sun than Proxima Centauri.
The "alpha" is a star's nomenclature means it's (usually) the brightest star in its constellation. Even if the constellations are apparently close, the stars could be any distance, since the constellation is only the two-dimensional "window" and doesn't tell us anything about the depth of the starfield. However, Alpha Sagittarii is about 180 light years from Earth. Since this is much further away than Alpha Centauri, we can more or less ignore the 4 light year distance between Earth and Alpha Centauri and say that Alpha Sagittarii is also about 180 light years from Alpha Centauri as well.
Apparent magnitude is the brightness as viewed from EarthAbsolute magnitude is the brightness as viewed from the same distance - 32 light years.Therefore a star that is twice as bright but further away could have the same apparent magnitude but a different absolute magnitude.
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Everyone knows they live in the solar system. However life could be possible in the alpha centauri system. Scientists have provided five tests to determine if a star is capable of containing other planets with life. See link below with more information.
The apparent magnitude is what we see, and this can be measured directly. The absolute magnitude must be calculated, mainly on the basis of (1) the apparent magnitude, and (2) the star's distance. So, to calculate the absolute magnitude, you must first know the star's distance.
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, so it never gets very far away. But we could be talking about Pluto and the answer would be the same; the distance from here to Alpha Centauri is about 4.5 light years. The difference would be equivalent to the thickness of a sheet of paper as compared to the distance across the USA.
Could be anywhere - depends on which direction you are heading.If you're very lucky, you might reach our Solar System
Not counting the Sun itself, Proxima Centauri can be the nearest star that we know about.Proxima (Alpha Centauri C) is part of the Alpha Centauri system. Depending on where it is in its orbit, it might be closer to us than Alpha Centauri A and Alpha Centauri B, or it might be further away.Astronomers also aren't absolutely positive that the Sun doesn't have a distant binary red or brown dwarf companion. Such a companion would be difficult for us to detect. This hypothetical companion has even been given a name, just in case we end up finding it: Nemesis.It currently seems unlikely that Nemesis exists. The WISE survey (which could have detected stellar objects with a surface temperature of just 150 Kelvin - far below freezing - at a distance of 10 light years, considerably further away than the Alpha Centauri system) should have found it if it were there. Also, the reason it was originally hypothesized to exist (periodic mass extinctions on Earth, the reason for the name Nemesis) is no longer considered to be consistent with the proposed Nemesis mechanism.So, after all that: Probably yes, at least part of the time.
Astronomers define star brightness in terms of apparent magnitude (how bright the star appears from Earth) and absolute magnitude (how bright the star appears at a standard distance of 32.6 light years, or 10 parsecs).
One would have hoped so - being the closest star system to us. However, it appears that this is not the case, and not surprisingly. Alpha Centauri is a binary star system, and because of that, the chances of any planets existing close to the pair is very slim because of the orbital path of the stellar pair. See related link for more information.
The Heliopause is at a distance of appx 120 AU from the Sun. That is around 0.0019 light years. Te Alpha Centauri star system is 4.365 light years away from the Sun, and almost the same distance away from the Heliopause.