This question made me lol, so I have to answer it.
The bug is travelling in an assumedly perfect circle (the record), so the acceleration is directed toward the center of the record, as is the centripetal force
Centripetal acceleration is acceleration towards the center of the movement.
In the same direction as the force that causes it.
Yes, velocity and acceleration can point in the opposite direction to each other. This is because neither one depends on the other. When velocity and acceleration are opposite each other this results in slowing down, for example when you hit the break on your car.
An object can have only one velocity at any point in time. That velocity can have components in two (or more) directions.If acceleration is constant (but non-zero), then the velocity in any direction other than perpendicular to the direction of the acceleration must change.
It will measure acceleration in the direction towards or away from the origin.
No. The acceleration is a constant 9.8 m/s2 down the whole time because acceleration depends on the net force and the Earth did not change its pull.
No, any turning object undergoes acceleration because the direction is always changing. The acceleration vector points into the circle of rotation, and the velocity vector is a tangent line to the circle at any given point. The equation is Centripetal Acceleration=v^2/r
No, acceleration is change in velocity. (And velocity is speed in a certain direction.) If an object slows down, then it is changing velocity and thus accelerating. (In this case, the acceleration is negative.) If an object changes direction, then it's velocity changes, so this is also acceleration. (This is centripetal acceleration.)
Certainly. A boat moving due north with decreasing speed has acceleration in the south direction.
An object can have only one velocity at any point in time. That velocity can have components in two (or more) directions.If acceleration is constant (but non-zero), then the velocity in any direction other than perpendicular to the direction of the acceleration must change.
Acceleration is defined by physics as the rate of change of velocity over time. a = dv/dt As time changes, any change in velocity results in a change in acceleration. That change can be positive or negative. If you want to know why, its because acceleration and velocity are vectors. A vector has a magnitude and a direction. The magnitude is the value, and the direction refers to the direction the object is traveling. An example when acceleration doesn't point in the same direction as velocity is when you throw a ball into the air. You throw it up, so the initial velocity is in the upward direction. However the acceleration due to gravity is downward. It will slowly decrease the upward velocity of the ball until it is zero. At that point the ball will start to fall downard and increase in velocity until it hits the ground.
If body is moving in a circle with uniform or constant speed its acceleration will be uniform as velocity i.e. to say direction is changing at every point.