The principle of dominance.
The gene for purple flowers is dominant, while the gene for white flowers is recessive. We know this because both flowers are homozygous, meaning their genes are the same. The genotype of Penelope (the purple flower) is PP, or purple purple. The genotype of Walter (the white flower) is pp, or white white. Because of this, if the gene for white petals was dominant, all the flower offspring would display white petals. If the genes were codominant, the flower offspring would be lavender, an even mix between the white and purple phenotypes.
The Punnet square for this example (if you are a visual person) looks like this:
......................Walter
........................p | p
....................___ | ___
................P | Pp | Pp |
Penelope .....________
................P | Pp | Pp |
...................|___|___ |
You can clearly see that all the offspring are heterozygous, yet because they all share Penelope's phenotype, it is quite obvious that, again, the gene for purple flowers is dominant.
A homozygous purple flower and a homozygous white flower having offspring that are purple is an example of dominance. Traits that yield to other traits is referred to as recessive. So in this case Purple was the dominant trait and White was the recessive trait.
Make a Punnet Square:White HETEROZYGOUS---WwRed HOMOZYGOUS--ww (this one is recessive because the white characteristic dominated in the heterozygous type)So:W ww Ww www Ww wwThese four are the potential types of the offspring, they will either be HETEROZYGOUS WHITE or HOMOZYGOUS RED, no homozygous white
25%
homozygous
A cross between a homozygous recessive and an individual of unknown genotype is called a test cross.The homozygous recessive can only pass on a recessive allele to the offspring, and so any recessive in the other parent will show up in the phenotype (detectable characteristics) of some of the offspring.
They R pretty wierd!
a homozygous trait is when an offspring has either both dominant genes or both recessive genes from its parents. a heterozygous trait is when an offspring has both dominant and recessive genes. for example: a long-tailed cat is dominant and a short-tailed cat is recessive. the long-tailed cat (homozygous dominant) had offsprings with the short-tailed cat (homozygous recessive). by doing the punnett square, 100% of their offspring will be heterozygous.
A purebred organism is the offspring of two homozygous parents, having either two dominant alleles, AA or two recessive alleles, aa. A hybrid is the offspring of two heterozygous parents, Aa.
F1 cross is the crossing that takes place at the first filial generation before the second filial generation.In this crossing,two homozygous parents are crossed together to get one homozygous offspring and three heterozygous offspring which will give a phenotypic ratio of 3:1. First filial generation is also the phase where the production/crossing started.I hope i av been able to answer your question to my own knowledge as a baby microbiologist
A cross between two homozygous parents will form a 100 percent chance of a heterozygous offspring. One homozygous parent must have the dominant allele, and the other must have the recessive allele. So, if the circumstances are correct, these characteristics will make for a 100 percent chance of a heterozygous offspring.
Using Punnett Squares, you can predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a cross between a homozygous (purebred) tall pea plant and a homozygous (purebred) short pea plant.
Using Punnett Squares, you can predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a cross between a homozygous (purebred) tall pea plant and a homozygous (purebred) short pea plant.