It's called a "Peripheral Adapter" as most add-in modules connect to devices outside the computer. There is one exception. On much older PCs, a user could add a math coprocessor board which did not attach to any external device. This was typically called a "daughter board" and the main processor board was called the "mother board".
An external peripheral
cpu
peripheral
A discrete device/component is not installed directly on the motherboard. See Discrete Graphics Card.
peripheral
No, They are also available on expansion cards.
Opening and light indicate that the device has power. Check it is correctly connected to the motherboard and that the latest device drivers are installed
optical
IRQ
Network Interface Cards (NICs) belong inside a computer or network device, typically in one of the expansion slots on the motherboard or integrated directly onto the motherboard. They are used to connect the device to a network, allowing data transmission over wired or wireless connections.
Breathalyser.
location on the motherboard into which a controller card for a peripheral device is stored
A motherboard is nor an output nor an input device. It is in the middle of these two and is a processing hardware device
yes
It is a ship