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It is based on the flow area, which is proportional to the square of the diameter. 2 squared = 4. 4 squared = 16. So, the 4 inch pipe can take 16/4 = 4 times the volume of the 2 inch pipe. It might be less confusing if you had picked sizes other than 2 and 4. This is a rough calculation, since pipe inside diameters are not the same as nominal sizes, but close enough for most purposes.

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Q: A four inch pipe carry how much more volume than a 2 inch pipe?
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