rhizoid
The fungal thread you are describing is likely a mycelium, which is the vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a network of filaments. Mycelium grows by extending hyphae horizontally to obtain nutrients from its surroundings and spread throughout its environment. It plays a vital role in nutrient cycling and decomposition in ecosystems.
When pushing an object across a rough surface, the roughness creates more friction between the object and the surface. This increased friction requires more force to overcome in order to move the object. The additional force helps to counteract the resistance caused by the rough surface and allows the object to move.
It depends on the surface on which the object is moving, and also any other forces - such as gravity.
Horizontally
An object moving horizontally, an object resting on a surface, and an object in space with no gravitational force acting on it are not examples of free fall. Free fall specifically refers to an object falling solely under the influence of gravity.
The center of mass of the object follows a smooth path when it spins through the air or across a flat smooth surface.
Static friction is the type of friction that requires force to start an object moving across a surface. Once the object is in motion, kinetic friction takes over to oppose its motion.
If there is no vertical motion, then no work is done by any vertical forces.
A horizontal force is applied to pull a 5.0-kilogram object by exerting a push or pull in a sideways direction. This force causes the object to move horizontally along a surface.
When pushing something across a rough surface, you need to apply more force because the rough surface creates more friction between the object and the surface. This increased friction resists the motion of the object, requiring more force to overcome it. The rougher the surface, the more force is needed to move the object.
Gravity has no effect on an object moving horizontally at a constant speed unless the object is falling downward due to gravity. In that case, gravity will accelerate the object downward while it continues to move horizontally.
When friction increases, more force is required to push something across a surface. This is because the frictional force opposes the motion of the object, making it harder to move. Increasing the applied force can help overcome this resistance and move the object across the surface.