Depends on the gun. And 45 degree is not the maximum range- it is about 41 degrees. A .22 short pistol might fire about 500 yards, a .300 Winchester Magnum about 5-6 miles. If you include artillery, the 155mm howitzer has a max range just over 9 miles, and a battleship can reach about 26 miles with their 16 inch guns.
yes
yes. the gun will shoot but the bullet will not go to far due to the friction.
some shoot far and some dont so they all dont shoot the same length
Miles
No. You will need the correct nails.
a couple of hundred meters
About 15+ feet.
A shotgun can shoot up to 80 yards it it depends on what the choke is on the gun.
They can shoot as far away as they want. There have been successful shots at well over a mile.
NO DONT DO THAT! YOU WILL HAVE PROBLEMS AND A HARMFUL EXPERIENCE!
Accurately, about 100 meters.
up to a half mile