A. Observation
Observation is the use of the senses to gather and record information about structures or processes in nature. (:
Chicago!
airborne viruses
A weather map is a graphical model that displays the distribution of one or more weather element.
The heliocentric model provides evidence that the earth moves around the sun. This theory was discovered back in ancient Egyptian times.
A map can be an example of a model, however not all models are maps. Models can be graphs, diagrams, physical representations, etc. that can be used to help interpret data.
A hypothesis
When observation shows a flaw in a model, the model is changed.
Noninterference model
any model you want
The decision tree is a classification model, applied to existing data. If you apply it to new data, for which the class is unknown, you also get a prediction of the class. The assumption is that the new data comes from the similar distribution as the data you used to build your decision tree. In many cases this is a correct assumption and that is why you can use the decision tree for building a predictive model.
hypothesis
A mathematical model, a hypothesis.
The importance of statistical modeling is obvious because we often need modelling for the purpose of prediction, to describe the phenomena and many procdures in statistics are based on assumption of a statistical model. Modeling is also important for statistical inference and make decision about population parameter. M. Yousaf Khan
hypothesis
You could be testing if a human body cell has more parts in it than animal cells.
Galileo is famous for observing and proving his heliocentric model of the universe. After his observation the existing model of the universe was slowly phased out.
its is an empirical model