Mutations
it is a diogram that expsoes fools to radiation
These are the choices that I found online, elsewhere. a) It has a consistent rate of neutral mutations from generation to generation. b) It is a rare molecule that is not found in many living species that might be compared. c) Its mutations always affect the phenotype, making it easier to observe the changes. d) It serves an unnecessary function, making it less likely to be preserved over time I am going to say A as well. Molecular clock infers a rate which A addresses. Also, a classic example of a molecular clock concept uses cytochrome C in which the changes are neutral mutations - too much change and this vital protein does not work. This would not be an "easily observable phenotype" unless someone considers protein sequencing an easy endeavor. Also, mitochondrial DNA is used to trace human ancestry because of its a higher mutation rate than nuclear DNA. Of course, consistent is an interesting word here. If there is punctuated equilibrium at play, it may not be a consistent rate. However, a silent mutation can be found by DNA/protein sequencing so I would not think there absolutely has to be a phenotype change to be seen. Go with A.
One type of atomic clock uses Rubidium.
The ammonia clock was the first atomic clock invented by the US National Bureau of Standards in 1948 that measured the speed of the vibrations of nitrogen atom in ammonia molecule.
Rubidium can make a atomic clock, a very precise clock that gives you the exact time.
Molecular Clock
Yes!
Molecular Clock
Different genes have different molecular clock rates due to the amount of Cytoplasmic Dyruduemion the genes contain. The more Cytoplasmic Dyruduemion the genes have, the slower the molecular clock rate, according to the neutral theory of molecular evolution.
The main idea behind the model of a molecular clock is that neutral mutations accumulate at a steady rate.
molecular clock
Molecular Clock
molecular clock.
system clock
i believe that it completes a fossil record....
it is a diogram that expsoes fools to radiation
it is a diogram that expsoes fools to radiation