You must call S&W. 50-500 USD
1965 approx
These special projects are referred to as Pork Barrel Projects.
A bullet that has left the barrel has marks left from its travel down the barrel.
You have a Smith and Wesson model 14 38 special. The 38 refers to the diameter of the barrel. That barrel is 38/100 of an inch in diameter. A 45 automatic has a barrel that is 45/100 of an inch in diameter. A 9mm has a barrel with a 9mm diameter. You can shoot 9mm ammunition from a 38 special. A 22 pistol has a small diameter barrel.
Should be marked on the barrel
No, they're are too many regulations on inspection and transportation of the barrel and you must have a special license.
yes for a shotgun you need a rifle barrel DO NOT shoot slugs if you have a poly-choke!
The standard barrel length of the Colt detective special was 2 inches although in the second & third series there were some 3 inchers produced.
No
You will have to ask Browning.
Yes
My Worthington Special 12 ga. has "1929 model" stamped right on the barrel