50 years
BC stands for silicon transistor
Michael M. Cirovic has written: 'Integrated circuits' -- subject(s): Integrated circuits 'Handbook of semiconductor memories' -- subject(s): Semiconductor storage devices 'Semiconductors: physics, devices, and circuits' -- subject(s): Semiconductors, Transistor circuits
Transistor transistor logic is one type of many different types of bipolar transistor based digital logic circuitry. It is very efficiently implemented in integrated circuit chips, needs only one power supply voltage, and operates at reasonably high speeds. Transistor transistor logic was first developed in the middle 1960s as a modification of the diode transistor logic, then in use in some digital logic integrated circuit chips but dating back to the earliest discrete bipolar transistor logic developed in the late 1950s and derived from vacuum tube point contact diode logic used in many early first generation computers. Transistor transistor logic integrated circuits dominated the computer and electronic digital controller market from the late 1960s until the middle 1980s, when metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor based microprocessors and microcontrollers began to replace it. By the early 1990s transistor transistor logic and other bipolar transistor based digital logic integrated circuits had been replaced with equivalent complementary metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor integrated circuits that were both faster and consumed less power (thus running much cooler) or with programmable logic devices of various types. In general transistor transistor logic is now considered obsolete.
Robert F. Coughlin has written: 'LABORATORY MANUAL FOR INTEGRATED COMPUTER CIRCUITS' 'Principles and applications of semiconductors and circuits' -- subject(s): Transistor circuits
Direct coupled transistor logic is a type of transistor that is more economical to use then integrated circuits. These transistors can be found in many types of wires such as the ones that control cable internet.
CMOS is a type of technology for constructing integrated circuits. One advantage of this setup is less waste heat compared to NMOS logic or transistor-transistor logic.
Erqian. Wang has written: 'Zhong da gui mo ji cheng dian lu' -- subject(s): Integrated circuits, Large scale integration, Medium scale integration, Transistor-transistor logic circuits
Yes integrated circuits have polarity.
Clement S. Pepper has written: 'The digital IC gallery' -- subject(s): Complementary Metal oxide semiconductors, Digital integrated circuits, Metal oxide semiconductors, Complementary, Transistor-transistor logic circuits 'Exploring Programmable IC's'
Ki Suk Chang has written: 'An integrated MOS addressing circuit' -- subject(s): Transistor circuits, Semiconductors
small scale integrated circuits contain about 10 transistorsmedium scale integrated circuits contain about 100 transistorslarge scale integrated circuits contain about 1000 transistorsvery large scale integrated circuits contain about 10,000 transistorsultra large scale integrated circuits contain about 100,000 transistorsetc.modern digital integrated circuits contain about 100,000,000,000 transistors and sometimes much more
Both hybrid integrated circuits and monolithic integrated circuits were used in third generation computers. These integrated circuits contained from 4 to 100 transistors per integrated circuit. The image above shows hybrid integrated circuits of the type used in the IBM System 360 line of computers.