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11001000111
In information security, another word for code or encoded text is ciphertext. Ciphertext is the end result of encoding of plain text.
hamming code between 1000110 and 1110100 can be calculated by just exoring both codes with each other as follow: 1000110 1110100 ------------ 0110010 now by counting the ones in the result that gives 3 then hamming dictance = 3
Caeser Cipher is a substitution cipher where the character set is shifted left or right by one or more characters. That is, with a left shift of 3, the letter D in the source text becomes a letter A in the encoded text. Given the ASCII character set has 127 characters, you can left or right shift by 64 characters. For characters that result in a negative encoding, you simply add 127 to the encoding. Example usage: #include<iostream> #include<exception> #include<cassert> char encode (int c, int shift) { if (c<0 c>127 shift<-64 shift>64) throw std::range_error("Encoding error"); int x = c - shift; if (x<0) x+= 127; if (x>127) x-=127; return (char) x; } char decode (int c, int shift) { if (c<0 c>127 shift<-64 shift>64) throw std::range_error("Encoding error"); int x = c + shift; if (x<0) x+= 127; if (x>127) x-=127; return (char) x; } int main() { std::string source {"Hello world!"}; std::string encoded {}; std::string decoded {}; for (auto c : source) { encoded += encode (c, 42); // shift left by 42 characters } assert (source != encoded); for (auto c : encoded) { decoded += decode (c, 42); // shift right by 42 characters } assert (source == decoded); }
Compression Encoding
1. If you are writing few lines in any computational language in order to achieve certain result, this is called coding. It is understandable to anyone knowing that particular language. Encoding is basically finding an alternate way to represent data such as to make it easier to port across various platforms.e.g. Unicode, ASCII etc. Encoding sometimes in terms of electronics also means encrypting the data e.g. Hoffman encoding
Levels of processing theory suggests tha there are three levels of processingShallow Processsing - Structural Encoding: where you emphasize the physical structure of the stimulus (i.e. caapitalization)Intermediate Processing - Phonemic Encoding: where you emphasize what the word sounds like (i.e. rhymes)Deep Processing - Semantic Encoding: where you understand the meaning of the stimulus (i.e. definition of)According to the levels of processing theory, the longer lasting memory codes are a result of Semandtic Encoding which is the deepst processing level and where you are required to understand the stimulus.
The nucleus controls the release of chemicals as a result of the encoding found on the strands of DNA and RNA that are inside it.
Answer: "Why question marks appear instead of readable text". Try going into the "View" tab - then down to "Charcter encoding" - a list of possibilities shold show. Try various encoding systems till you find the one that gives you the preferred results. Shimsar
No. Since a mutation in the DNA may not necessarily result in a change to the encoded amino acid in the protein sequence, it is entirely possible. Further, the protein function will likely not change when an amino acid is replaced with one of similar chemical properties. Sometimes it does, sometimes it doesn't. This is the field that molecular evolutionary biologists study.
If the propagation delay is very long, as in the case of a space probe on or near Mars or Venus, forward error correction is indicated. It is also appropriate, in a military situation in which the receiver does not want to disclose his location by transmitting. If the error rate is low enough that an errorcorrecting code is good enough, it may also be simpler. Finally, real-time systems cannot tolerate waiting for retransmissions.
Ideally, with an average MP3 file size of 4MB per song (128 Bit Encoding), a 2GB card should be able to hold close to 500 songs. It could be that the song files have been encoded for high quality sound production (320 Bit), which results in the file size being more. Or is it that they are in WAV format? WAV format are a copy of the audio CD format. They usually are very heavy in size with the average size running uwards of 100mb per song, thereby taking up more space and as a result, you would not be able to store many songs onto the 2gb card. Solution: Use a MP3 converter to convert the song files into Mp3 with the 128 bit encoding. this bitrate is perfect for listening to music and the sound quality is also very similar to what you would get on an audio CD.